Skin Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
Types of demodex
A
- D. canis: classic one
- D injai: extra long tail
- D. cati: fat tail –> need lime sulfur for tx
- D. gatoi: no tail, chubby
2
Q
Tx for demodex
A
- lime sulfur for cats
- isoxazolines, ivermectin
- tx underlying issue
- benzoyl peroxide shampoo (flushes follicles)
3
Q
Signs of deep pyoderma
A
- nodules
- ulcers
- draining tracts
4
Q
When to do bac culture
A
- long term abx tx
- rods on cyto
- <50% improvement or new signs after 2wk of systemic tx
- persisting lesions and bac after 6wk
- history of drug resistant bac or recurrent infection in patient
5
Q
Shampoo for bac infection
A
- chlorohex
6
Q
Steps in food trial
A
elimination diet –> dietary challenge (normal diet?) –> elimination diet –> dietary provocation (individual ingredients?)
7
Q
What has similar distribution as Malassezia
A
Allergic dermatitis
8
Q
Dx criteria for atopic dermatitis
A
5 of following:
- <3yo on onset
- mostly indoors
- corticosteroid responsive
- chronic or recurrent yeast infection
- front feet affected
- ear pinnae affected
- ear margin no affected
- dorso-lumbar not affected
9
Q
Cutaenous reaction patterns to hypersensitivities in cats
A
- head and neck pruritus
- miliary dermatitis (esp fleas)
- eosinophilic granuloma complex
10
Q
Causes of self-trauma in cats
A
- psychogenic
- parasites
- infection
- neuro pain
- T-cell lymphoma
11
Q
Cornification
- definition
- causes
A
- incr formation of stratum corneum
- excessive prolif, defective desquamation, abd gland secretion
12
Q
Nasal hyperkeratosis
- why type of disorder
- cause
- tx
A
- scaling
- genetic
- propylene glycol
13
Q
Tx for chin acne
A
- Chlorohex or sulfur salicylic acid shampoo
- Topical phytosphyngosene (sp?)
- +/- topical abx
14
Q
Nasodigital hyperkeratosis
- breed
- tx
A
- cocker spaniel
- moisten area, salicyclic acid if severe
15
Q
2nd causes of cornification dz
A
- ectoparasites: parasites, fleas, cheyletiella, demodex, scabies
16
Q
Primary Seborrhea
- signs
- cause
- prediposes to
A
- ceruminous otic d’c, greasy, casts,
- inherited –> incr epi turnover rate
- Malassezia
17
Q
Sebaceous adenitis
- pathophys
- signs
- dx
A
- cell mediated destruction of sebaceous glands
- areas of moth eaten alopecia, in long coat breeds, on dorsum
- biospy/histo: abscence of sebaceous glands
18
Q
Vit A responsive dermatosis
- type of dz
- signs
- tx
A
- seborrheic
- comedone, follicular casts
- vit A, essensial fatty acids, +/- abx
19
Q
Zinc responsive dermatosis
- pathophys
- worsens with
- 2 syndromes
- signs
- dx:
- tx
A
- low zn decr epi maturation, incr turnover
- high fatty acids, high fe, prolong diarrhea
- sydrome I = hereditary: onset 1-3yo
- syndrome II = in young rapidly growing dogs
- scaling, crusting, alopecia, +/- 2nd bac infection
- dx: biopsy (parakeratosis)
- zn supp
20
Q
Schnauzer comedo syndrome
- signs
- dx
- tx
A
- acne
- biopsy
- topical anti-seborrheic
21
Q
canine ichthyosis
- cause
- signs
- tx
A
- congenital
- scaling
- like rest of scaling dz….?
22
Q
Some causes of alopecia
- traction
- cutaneous T-cell
- post-clipping
- alopecia areata
- pseudopelade
- vx associated vasculopathy
- endocrine
A
- traction
- cutaenous T-cell lymphoma
- post- clipping alopecia: clipped hair in telogen
- alopecia areata: idiopathic immune attack on hair bulb
- pseudopelade: attack hair follicle mid isthmus
- vx: esp with rabies
- endo: hypothyroid, hyperadreno, hyperestrogen
23
Q
Alopecia X
- cause
- breed
- dx
- tx
A
- unknown
- fluffy coat breeds
- dx via exclusion
- melatonin, trilostane, microneedling
24
Q
Recurrent flank alopecia
- sign
- tx
A
- seasonally recurrent flank alopecia, non-pruritic
- melatonin
25
Colour dilution alopecia pathophys
- melanin clumps --> makes hair brittle --> alopecia
26
Causes of claw issues
- immune mediated dz's: lupoid onychodystrophy, pemphigus foliaceus
- neoplasia: bronchogenic carcinoma, melanoma, keratoacanthoma
27
Interdigital cysts tx
- laser?
- topical and systemic abx
- tacrolimus
- cyclosporine
28
Squamous cell carcinoma (in paws)
- dx
- prognosis
- FNA, rads
| - good with amputation
29
Pemphigus Foliaceus/ Pemphigus erythematosus
- pathophys
- causes
- sign
- dx
- ddx
- tx
- immune attack on desmosome (desmocollin-1) --> loss of adhesion btw keratinocytes
- spontaneous, paraneo, drug rxn
- middle age, pustular dermatitis
- cyto (acantholutic keratinocytes), culture
- tx with abx if see bac to rule out pyoderma
- tx with immunosupp: corticosteroids +/- azathioprine (dogs) or chlorambucil (cats)
30
Adverse rxn to azathioprine
- liver
- pancrease
- myelosupp
- GI
- 2nd infection
- need to monitor BW
31
Discoid/Cutaenous lupus erythematosus
- signs
- ddx
- tx
- crusts, erosions, depig of nasal planum
- ddx pyoderma
- tacrolimus
32
Lupoid onychitis
- dx
- tx
- affects claws and paws
- patho unknown
- biopsy?
- fatty acid supp, tetracyclin niacinamide +/- pentoxifylline if not responding
33
Vasculopathic dz
- 2 pathogenesis
- signs
- risk factors
- tx
- type 3 hypersensitivity complexs trapped in BM OR nystandard Ig bind to vessel wall
- ulcers, erosions in peripheries
- drugs, neoplasia, infection, immune med dz, allergy
- corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, tetracycline niacinamide
34
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
- what
- signs
- dx
- tx
- prognosis
- autoimmune blistering dz
- middle age, slow progressive, start in mm areas
- biopsy (subepi vasiculation )
- tetracycline/niacinamide, +/- pred
- good
35
Juvenile cellulitis
- what
- signs
- dx
- tx
- sterile granulomatous dermitis and lymphadenitis
- puppy, swollen face, enlarged LN
- cytology, biopsy (esp around hair follicles)
- pred
36
Well's syndrome (aka canine eosinophilic dermatitis and edema)
- what
- cause
- dx
- tx
- have erythematous maculopapular eruptions
- drugs?, diet?
- biopsy (perivascular esosino)
- withdraw drug, antihistamines, glucocorticoids
37
PLasma cell pododermatitis
- cause
- dx
- tx
- unknown
- bw (incr globulin), FNA (plasma cells)
- doxycycline
