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Skin Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Acid mantle

A

The slightly acidic film of skin secretions that render the surface of the skin less hospitable to harmful microbes

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2
Q

Adipose layer

A

Subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

Arrector pili

A

Smooth muscle attaching the base of each hair follicle to the tops of the dermis;
When contracted, cause hair to stand straight up

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4
Q

Basement membrane

A

A composite of reticulin fibers and mucoproteins that cement the epidermis and dermis to form skin

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5
Q

Dermis

A

The dense irregular connective tissue layer of skin deep to the epidermis and rich in blood, lymph, and nerves

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6
Q

Epidermal derivatives

A

Specialized structures of hair and glands found in skin that arise from the epidermis and dip deep into the dermis

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7
Q

Epidermis

A

The stratified squamous epithelium layer of the ski , avascular and superficial to the dermis

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8
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Bare, unencapsulated endings of nerve cells i the epidermis and dermis that can detect temperature, touch, and tissue damage that may register as pain

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9
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer

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10
Q

Keratin

A

A tough, waxy, water-resistant protein produced by keratinocytes

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11
Q

Keratinization

A

The process by which keratinocytes gradually fill with keratin

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12
Q

Keratinocytes

A

The most common cell in the epidermis, which produce and fill with keratin as they migrate to the surface, die and are sloughed off

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13
Q

Lamellar granules

A

Lipids secreting organelles in keratinkcytes that assist in waterproofing the skin

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14
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Immune cells in stratum spinosum that protect against pathogens and abnorm cell growth

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15
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Encapsulated cutaneous sensory receptors located in the papillary layer of the dermis that assist in sensing light touch

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16
Q

Melanin

A

The protein pigment produced by melanocytes that gives skin color and protects jt from ultraviolet radiation

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17
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells of stratum basalt that produce the melanin

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18
Q

Merkel cell

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A

Cells found in stratum Badgley that assist in cutaneous sensation such as light touch

19
Q

Merkel discs

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A

Nerve endings found just deepness the epidermis that interface with the Merkel cells in stratum basale

20
Q

Painting corpuscles

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A

Encapsulated cutaneous sensory receptors located in the reticular layer of the dermis that assis in sensing pressure

21
Q

Papillae

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A

Wave- or finger-like protrusions of the dermis that protrude into the epidermis, often contain nerve receptors, and produce the appearance of fingerprints

22
Q

Papillary layer

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A

Superficial layer of the dermis named for the presence of papilae

23
Q

Reticular layer

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A

Deel layer of the dermis containing most of the accessory structures of the skin

24
Q

Sebaceous (oil) gland

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A

Gland of the ski. That secretes sebum into hair follicles, helping with pliability and waterproofing of hair.

25
Sebum
An oily mixture of lipids secreted by sebaceous glands
26
Skin
The cutaneous membrane comprised of the superficial, epithelial layer of the epidermis and the deeper, connective tissue layer of dermis, joined together by a basement membrane
27
Stratum badale
The deepest layer of the epidermis, comprised of a single, germinating layer of cuboid cells
28
Stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis, comprised of dead, flattened keratinocytes that are completely filled with keratin
29
Subcutaneous layer
Layer of adipose tissue deep to the skin; an hors skin to deep fascia and acts as communicative, protective, nutritive, insulating layer rich in blood, lymph and nerve Also called hypodermis, superficial fascia and adipose layer
30
Sudoriferous (sweat) gland
Gland in the dermis with a tubular neck that spirals out through the epidermis to pores at the surface of the skin
31
Thick skin
Skin with an epidermis composed of all five layers including stratum luckdum; found only on palms, fingertips and soles of the feet
32
Thin skin
Skin with a four-layered epidermis, lacking stratum lucidhm; found everywhere on the body except palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet
33
What are four primary types of membranes
Mucous Serous Synovial Cutaneous
34
Mucous Membrane
Location: lining cavities open to external environment. Ex- respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, female repro tract Function: Protection and produces mucous
35
Serrous Membrane
Function- protection, produces serous fluid Location- lining cavities closed to the external environment and covering organs Ex- Peritoneum, Pleura, Pericardium
36
Synovial Membrane
Connective tissue membrane, lines synovial joint capsules Has a thick fibrous connective tissue layer on the outside and a thin internal layer of epithelium. The epithelial layer secretes synovial fluid which reduces friction and wear to the bone ends during movement. It also serves ad the medium for butrient and waste exchange for the cartilage that covers the bones Ex- Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, Knee, Ankle
37
Cutaneous Membrane
Functuon- protection Location- covers the body Ex-skin
38
Membrane
Broad, flat sheet of at least two layers of tissue
39
5 strata of the epidermis (top layer of skin)
Horny layer ( stratum corneum) Glassy layer (stratum lucidum) Granular layer ( stratum granulosum) Spiny layer (stratum spinosum) Germinating layer (stratum germinativum or stratum basale)
40
Horny layer/stratum corneum
Outermost stratum of skin consists of 20 to 30 layers of dead keratinized cells that form a protective barrier.
41
Glassy layer /stratum lucidum)
Present in areas where the skin is thickest such as palms, fingertips,soles of feet. Densely packed cells are flat, dead and full of keratin.
42
Granular layer/strata granulosum
Contains specialized granules in the keratinocytes that release a lipid secretion that make them water resistant -like. Cells in this layer of skin replace their cytoplasm with keratin
43
Spiny layer/ stratum spinosum
Contains about 10 layers of cells. Contains langerhans cells- immune cells, that help protect the body from organisms that penetrate the superficial epidermis.
44
Germinating layer (stratum germinativum/ stratum basale)
The keratinocytes in this layer continually undergo mitosis (reproduce) to create new cells which helps the skin heal quickly.

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