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Tissue Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of similar cells grouped together to perform a common function

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Cells are further apart
Supports and connects the body’s tissues and organs.
*Most abundant and diverse tissue in body

Includes connective tissue propper (adipose tissue,ligaments, tendons, cartilage, Osseo tissue (bone) and hemoietid tissue (blood)

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Cells are packed densely together
Cells are arranged in layers
Covers Protects, absorbs and secretes
Found: in skin, lines tubes and organs of body

Flat(squamous)
Square( cuboidal)
Columnar

Single layer (simple)
Multilayer (stratified)
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4
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Muscle generates heat and is special for voluntary or involuntary movement (contraction)

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5
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Moves the skeleton

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Found in the heart. Inventory movement

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7
Q

Smooth/Visceral muscle tissue

A

Found in organs and vessels that move food and bodily fluids

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves and is responsible for transduction and transmission of information to, from and without the central nervous system

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9
Q

Vascular

A

Having blood supply within it

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10
Q

3 main components of connective tissue

A

Protein fibers that provide the structure of the tissue,
cells that live and function among the fibers and

The ground substance where cells and fibers exist.

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11
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

The fibers and ground substance of the tissue that supports, protects and connects the living cells.

The specific nature of the matrix and the kinds of ces in it determine the specific classification of connective tissue

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12
Q

Protein fibers

A

Make up the structural framework of connective tissue.
Collagen

Reticulin

Elastin

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13
Q

Collagen

A

The most abundant protein fiber in the body (CT is the most abundant tissue in body)

Thick, white, cable-like protein fiber high in tensile strength

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14
Q

Reticulin

A

Thin, threadlike and arranged in a delicate web-like pattern resembling the veins of a leaf.
Forms the scaffolding for cells of liver, spleen etc

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15
Q

Elastin

A

Thin, yellowish fiber whose most notable characteristic is elasticity
Useful in tissues that must be able to expand and contract (ex- lung tissue, different than muscles)

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16
Q

Ground substance

A

The non-living substance within which the protein fibers and cells of connective tissue exist
Ex- hyaluronic acid

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17
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Stratified epithelial constructed of cells that appear to change shape as the tissue is stretched

Ex- urinary bladder

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18
Q

Thixotropy

A

A property of hyaluronic acid referring to its ability to become more fluid with stimulation.

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19
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Epithelium constructed of multiple layers of cells adapted for protection

Ex- Epithelium of the skin

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20
Q

Simple epithelium

A

Epithelium constructed of a single layer of cells adapted for filtration or absorption.

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21
Q

Serous membrane

A

Epithelial membrane that lines organs and cavities exposed to the intern environment

Ex- blood vessels

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22
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Simple epithelium that appears to be more than one layer due to a difference in cell size and location of nuclei: may possess cilia or microvilli

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23
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that live in and create the extracellular matrix of bone

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24
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Tissue specialed for transduction and transmission of information to, from and within the central nervous system; found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Nonconductile (glial cells) supports, protects and insulates

Conductive (neurons) conduct electric impulses

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25
Muscle tissue
Tissue that is specialized for contraction: includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth/visceral muscle Striped (striated) Smooth (nonstriated)
26
Mucous membrane
Epithelial membrane that lines the organs exposed to the external environment Ex- the digestive tract
27
Macrophages
White blood cells that patrol connective tissue, engulfing bacteria and other foreign. Pathogens and disposing of damaged tissue in the case of injury
28
Loose connective tissue proper
CT proper composed of a spacious arrangement of cells and protein fibers; the areolar, adipose and reticular
29
Hyaluronic acid
The thixotropic ground substance of connective tissue proper
30
Hyaline cartilage
Articular cartilage. Most common type of cartilage. Provides support
31
Goblet cell
Unicellular gland found in simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelium that produces ad secretes mucus
32
Gland
Epithelium specialized for secretion; can be unicellular or multicellular
33
Fibrocartilage
A relatively fibrous and durable type of cartilage, such as in the intervertebral discs and public symphysis
34
Fibroblasts
Cells that create and inhabit the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
35
Fascia
Connective tissue proper
36
Exocrine gland
A gland that secretes through a duct onto a surface or body cavitation that is exposed to the external environment
37
Epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers the outside of the body and internal organs, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and forms glands; It is a vascular and characterized by cells that are packed closely together. Epithelium
38
Epithelial membrane
A membrane composed of a layer of epithelium underpaid by a supporting g, nourishing layer of connective tissue
39
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
40
Elastic cartilage
Cartilage containing a high amount of elastin that maintains the shape of flexible structures, such as the tip of the nose and the outer ear
41
Dense regular CT PROPER
Dense CT with protein fibers arranged in an orderly fashion. In sheets to form Ligaments or aponeuroses, or in cords to form tendons
42
Dense irregular CT proper
Dense CT proper with a chaotic arrangement of protein fibers, such as in the dermis of the skin or the periosteum bone
43
Dense connective tissue proper
CT proper that contains and abundance of tightly wove. Protein fibers; includes dense reg CT, dense irreg CT, and elastic CT
44
Cutaneous membrane
Epithelial membrane that covers the outside of the body; the skin
45
Connective tissue proper
The most prevalent type of connective in the body; can be loose or dense, depending on the amount of protein fibers present. Fascia
46
Chondroitin sulfate
The relatively dense ground substance secreted by chondroblasts in cartilage
47
Chondroblasts
Cells that inhabit and create the extracellular matrix if cartilage
48
Cartilage
The only CT that is avascular; comprised of collagen and elastin fibers, a relatively dense ground substance card chondroitin sulfate, and cells card condroblasts
49
Bone
A connective tissue co.prised of coagen fibers, a ground substance of mineral salts, and cells including osteoblasts. Osseous tissue
50
Blood
The most liquid type of connective tissue. Comprised of a ground substance called plasma, blood cells, and plasma proteins in place of protein fibers
51
avascular
Lacking blood supply
52
Arricular cartilage
Cartilage most common found at the ends of bones where they articulate in synovial joints Hyaline cartilage
53
Adipocytes
Cells that synthesize and store fats
54
Adipose tissue
Loose CT proper with an abundance of adipocytes that is found deep to the skin, around some organs and in the merry cavities of bones
55
Areolar tissue
Loose CT proper that wraps and connects organs, muscles, nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels and nearly everything else within the body
56
Chondroblasts
Cells that produce the protein fibers in cartilage
57
What is the ground substance for cartilage
Chondroitin sulfate
58
What are the protein fibers of cartilage
Collagen and elastin
59
What are 3 types of cartilage
Hyaline (sliding surface of joints) Fibrocartilage (cushioning, stabilizer (intervertebral discs, public symphysis) Elastic (in your nose and ear)
60
What types of cells make up cartilage
Chondroblasts and white blood cells
61
What are 4 types of connective tissue
Blood Connective tissue proper (fascia) Cartilage Bone
62
What is the ground substance of CT proper
Hyaluronic acid
63
Epithelial tissue
Aka epithelium Cells are packed tightly together Avascular Specified for protection, absorption and secretion Secretes substances like mucus, saliva, oil, sweat 2 types- Protects and absorbs - "covering and lining" epithelium Secreting- "glandular epithelium "
64
Epithelial tissue with multiple layers of flat cells
Stratified squamous epithelium
65
A single layer of square cells
Simple cuboid epithelium
66
3 shapes of epithelial tissue cells
Sqaumous Cuboidal Columnar
67
Squamous cells
Flat, Fast absorption and diffusion, make thin membranes Flat nucleus
68
Cuboidal cells
Cube shaped, absorb nutrients and produce secretions Circular shaped nucleus
69
Columnar cells
Tall, thick, cushion underlying tissues, absorb nutrients, produce secretions Elipsoidal shaped nucleus
70
Glandular epithelium
Endocrine glands Exocrine glands
71
Endocrine glands
Secrete hormones right into your bloodstream or to nearby cells Ex , thyroid gland- Thyroxine
72
Exocrine glands
Secret juices into the tubes or ducts that lead to the outside of the body. Ex- Sweat, saliva, stomach acid, breast milk
73
Areolar
Most common loose connective tissue Found all over body just under epithelial tissue and wrapped around organs . Loose arrangement of fibers, few cells
74
Adipose tissue
Fat tissue, stores lipids for later use, insulates Mostly made up of cells
75
Reticular tissue
Reticular fibers instead of collagen and elastin Holds blood in place in your organs

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