Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MC II Exam 3 > Skin Anatomy > Flashcards

Skin Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A

thermoregulation, sensation, moisture balance, barrier to disease, control of bacterial bioburden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skin loss/wounding classifications: erosion

A

loss of epidermis only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin loss/wounding classifications: partial thickness

A

loss of epidermis and part of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Skin loss/wounding classifications: full thickness

A

loss of all dermis and into subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Skin evaluation - what to look for

A

Color (yellow for jaundice, blue for cyanosis); Moisture (dry for aging, clammy for stress); Temperature (cold for vascular insufficiency, hot for infection); Texture (smooth and supple for hyperthyroidism); Turgor (increased tenting in dehydration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary cell in epidermis

A

keratinocyte (renewed every 20-30 days, form the basal, reproducing layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the blood supply like to the epidermis?

A

POOR! Avascular!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

found in the basal layer, responsible for skin color and produce melanin pigment in response to UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of keratinocytes in wound healing?

A

migration/proliferation, ECM production, growth factor/cytokine production, angiogenesis, matrix synthesis/regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dermis structure

A

beneath the epidermis
Is a matrix composed of collagen (mostly Type I),elastic fibers, and ground substances such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans
Contains
Capillaries that feed the epidermis
Hair follicles with erector muscles that cause “goose bumps”; hair follicles lined with epithelium
Eccrine (sweat) glands – allow fluid release for temp control
Exocrine (sebaceous) glands – produce sebum for lubrication
Apocrine (scent) glands
Nerve endings for heat, cold, pain, itching, pressure, vibration
Lymphatic glands – remove microbes and excess interstitial fluid, provide lymphatic drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of fibroblasts in healing?

A

migration/proliferation, ECM production, growth factor/cytokine production, angiogenesis, matrix synthesis/regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors impact collagen synthesis?

A

adequate oxygen supply, sufficient nutrients, cofactors (vitamins and trace metals), local wound environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of the dermal/epidermal junction:

A

mechanical support, barrier for permiability/evaporation, basal cell support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fun facts about the dermal/epidermal junction

A

Note that skin appendages penetrate into the dermis

Hair follicles, especially, are lined with normal keratinocytes

No blood crosses this membrane but oxygen and nutrients diffuse into the germinal layer

When junction flattens as in aging, epidermis can slide across the dermis, leading to SKIN TEARS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dermis layers: papillary

A

provides anchoring points, contains nerve endings and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dermis layers: reticular

A

consists of irregular dense connective tissue, fibrils of collagen and elastic fibers

17
Q

Dermis does this!

A

gives the skin elasticity and extensibility

18
Q

Rete Pegs

A

Area between the epidermis and dermis
Called the basement membrane, isolates the epidermis from the dermis
Rete pegs, downward and upward projections fit together

19
Q

Irrigation of the skin - flow chart

A

perforating vessels > reticular plexus > papillary plexus; arterioles are joined via capillaries to the venous plexus

20
Q

Cellular components of skin structure

A

fibroblasts - secrete collagen, receptors for estrogen, vitamin D, thyroid hormone, steroids, growth factors; mast cells - release histamine; macrophages - immunologic cells, present antigen, phagocytosis

21
Q

What is wound healing orchestrated by?

A

carefully regulated release of cytokines

22
Q

growth factors deliver signals which have which effects?

A

stimulation of transcription, regulation of cell entry into the cell cycle

23
Q

Growth factors facts

A

Polypeptides produced in normal and wounded tissue that stimulate cellular migration, proliferation, and function.

Often named for the cells from which they were first derived.

Names are often misleading, because growth factors have been demonstrated to have multiple functions.

Most growth factors are extremely potent and produce significant effects in nanomolar concentrations

24
Q

cytokines

A

Small proteins or glycoproteins secreted for the purpose of altering the function of target cells in an endocrine (uncommon), paracrine, or autocrine fashion.

25
Q

What wound healing methods are NOT EBP-based and should not be used anymore?

A

whirlpool! H2O, SSD

26
Q

EBP protocol

A

Go check out the slides for the flow chart

27
Q

Requirements for wound/burn healing

A

remove bioburden > debride > reduce periwound edema > promote granulation tissue > mobilization, prevent adhesions > epithelial migration and resurfacing, remodeling

28
Q

Process of wound repair - minutes

A

hemostasis (platelets), inflammation (master cells, neutrophiles, macrophages)

29
Q

Process of wound repair - hours

A

fibrin clot formation, vasoactive mediator release, cytokine and growth factor release; platelet-activating mediator release, vasoactive and chemotactic mediator release; chemotaxis, inflammation, killing and phagocytosing, wound debridement

30
Q

Process of wound repair - days

A

skin resurfacing (keratinocytes), dermal restoration (endothelial cells, fibroblasts

31
Q

Process of wound repair - weeks/months

A

epidermis maturation, wound contraction, apoptosis and scar maturation

32
Q

additional considerations just for burns

A

endothelial necrosis, depletion of growth factors

33
Q

predictor of burn progression

A

level of endothelial necrosis at 1 hour

34
Q

proliferation: fibroplasia

A

injury > stimulation of macrophage & platelet derived cytokines & growth factors > chemo-attraction of fibroblasts to the inflammatory site > fibroblasts which are in G0 phase > replicate and proliferate > components of ECM

MC II Exam 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions