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NNSOCM 2023 > SKIN & BURNS W3 > Flashcards

SKIN & BURNS W3 Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Skin consist of which 4 components

A
  1. Skin
  2. Hair
  3. Sweat glands
  4. Oil glands
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2
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Temperature regulation
  3. Waste elimination
  4. Absorb vitamin D
  5. Sensation
  6. Blood reservoir
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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis

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4
Q

The functions of the epidermis are?

A
  1. Protect the body
  2. Keep fluids inside the body
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5
Q

Which components do we find in the dermis?

A
  1. Nerves
  2. Sweat glands
  3. Hair follicles
  4. Large Capillary beds
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6
Q

What are the primary functions of subcutis?

A
  1. Isolation (fat)
  2. Blood supply (vessels)
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7
Q

Jaundice is a sign of…

A

Lever failure (eyes and skin turn yellow due to excessive bilirubin levels)

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8
Q

What are the primary function of Melanin (pigments)

A
  1. Protect against UV-Radiation
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9
Q

Urticaria is a sign/symptom of

A

Systemic allergic reaction (analphylaxia)

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10
Q

An incision is typically…

A

Longer than deep

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11
Q

Name the 3 phases of wound healing

A
  1. Hemostatic phase
  2. Inflammatory phase
  3. Proliferative phase
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12
Q

Wound healing can be disturbed by…

A
  1. Infection
  2. Suboptimal surgical technique
  3. Dead tissue
  4. Smoking (bad perfusion)
  5. Leakage of plasma protein
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13
Q

Important steps in wound management

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Pain control
  3. Remove foreign objects
  4. Cleaning of wound
  5. Keep wound moist
  6. Inspect for infection
  7. Change dressing (every 24-48h)
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14
Q

What should you consider especially with large, dirty, crush or bite wounds?

A

Keep them open and clean

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15
Q

What are the impaired skin functions caused by burns?

A
  1. Fluid balance (barrier function lost)
  2. Thermoregulation (evaporation)
  3. Protection (against microbes)
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16
Q

Signs & symptoms of inhalation injury?

A
  1. Swelling of tongue
  2. Burns in mouth/nose
  3. Stridor/altered voice
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17
Q

How do we classify severity of burns?

A
  1. Degree (superficial)
  2. Degree (partial thickness)
  3. Degree (full thickness
  4. Degree (underlying organs etc.)
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18
Q

What are the three zones of a burn injury?

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A
  1. Zone of coagulation/necrosis
  2. Zone of stasis
  3. Zone of hyperemia
19
Q

Considering the rule of 9 how many percentages covers the whole torso?

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A

36% Front and back combined

20
Q

Considering the palmar rule how many percentages can you cover with your hand?

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A

Approximately 1%

21
Q
  1. Degree burns is minor tissue damage to the…
22
Q
  1. Degree burn is damage to…
Study These Flashcards
A

Epidermis + variable part of dermis

23
Q

What are the charateristiscs of 2. degree burns?

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A
  1. Blisters
  2. Swelling
  3. Pain
  4. Detachment of hair
24
Q

Dense or waxy burns with damage to all layers of the skin are classified as…

25
In a 3. degree burn were can you expect painful 2. degree burns?
Most commonly around the edges of the 3. degree burn
26
What is delayed necrosis?
The progression of a burn wound over the duration of 3-5 days
27
Why are infections (sepsis) one of the most common complications of burn injuries?
The protective epidermis is damaged/gone so bacteria and other microbes can easily enter the body
28
Name some of the burns sites that suggests the CAX needs a hospital specialised in burn injuries?
Hands Feet Face Genitalia TBSA >20% Deep joint near burns Inhalation injuries Circumferencial burns
29
Signs & symptoms of CO poisoning?
1. Confusion 2. Headache 3. Tachycardia, arrhythmia 4. Vomiting 5. Dilated pupils 6. Cyanosis 7. Seizure 8. Bounding pulse (patient feels his pulse harder)
30
What is the ISR rule of 10?
Fluid resuscitation rate = % TBSA x 10ml/hr for adults 40-80kg For every 10kg above 80kg, increase flow rate by 100ml/hr
31
What is the fluid resuscitation rate (ISR) for an adult weighting 100kgs with a 25% TBSA?
450ml/hr 25% TBSA x 10ml/hr + 200ml/hr =450ml/hr
32
Electrical discharge to the body can cause the following 3 things
1. Acute renal failure 2. Cardiac arrythmias 3. Compartment syndrome to extremities
33
Name the 4 different mechanisms of burn injuries
1. Thermal 3. Chemical 4. Electrical 5. Radiation
34
In chemical burns what does acid do?
Causes coagulation necrosis of tissue
35
In chemical burns what does alkaline substances do?
Causes liquefaction necrosis of tissue
36
What are the 3 stages of radiation burns
1. Intense burning/tingeling 2. Symptom free interval 3. Red skin (erythema)
37
CASE: CAX has been in a burning building and now presents with: M: No massive bleeds A: Patent, singed nostril hairs, rusty voice R: Tachypnea, bilateral respiration, cyanosis on nails C: Tachycardia, bounding pulse H: Dialated pupils, nausea, confusion, headache O: 1.degree burns on both arms and in the face P: Does not express pain. What is your FIRST concern?
You need to consider the possibility of the airway becoming obstructed soon -> Find CRIC set and be ready... Reassess airway frequently
38
Per TCCC what are the preferred type of fluid for burn injury resuscitation?
1. Lactated ringers 2. Isotonic NaCl (saline)
39
What are the resuscitation goal in fluid therapy for burn injuries?
Urine output of 30-50ml/h
40
What are one of the cons of using prefabricated burn shields for burn injuries?
They might cause hypothermia
41
What might be the issue with putting bandage/cling film circumflexial on burn injuries?
Tissue may expand/swell and circumflexial bandage might be too tight
42
A puncture wound is typically...
Deeper than wide
43
A patient with a TBSA >30% is likely to have...
Systemic/globalised edeema

NNSOCM 2023 (16 decks)

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