Skin Cancer Flashcards
(29 cards)
Mutation in basal cell carcinoma
PTCH
Greatest risk factor of metastasis with SCC
Location on Ear
Risk factors for BCC
Sun exposure, sunburns, UV exposure, fair complexion, family history, immunosuppression
Pathology of BCC
Pleomorphic, basophilic cells that palisade peripherally, epidermal-stromal clefting
Appearance of BCC
Nodular, pearly with erosions and telangiectasias
Age of onset of BCC
Usually after age 50
Gorlin syndrome
PTCH1 mutation; early age of BCC, MSK defects and jaw cysts
Tx of BCC
Excision, cryotherapy, imiquimod, 5-FU, Vismodegib
Progression of squamous cell cancer
Minimal atypica (actinic keratosis) => full thickness (carcinoma in situ) => invasive carcinoma
Appearance of actinic keratosis
Less than 1 cm in length, rough sand-paper like consistency
Prognosis of SCC
Actinic keratosis are less malignant than those from burns, ulcers, or non-sun exposed areas
Location of BCC vs SCC
BCC upper face; SCC lower face
Risk factors for SCC
Burns, ulcers, lichen planus, UV exposure, HPV, chemical exposure, leukoplakia
Mutations in SCC
p53 only
Risk of metastasis in SCC
Size of tumor and depth; high risk on lips and ears
Keratoacanthoma
Keratinocyte neoplasm with rapid proliferation
Marjolin’s ulcer
Ulcerative invasive SCC with chronic inflammation, scarring, and trauma
Melanocyte nevi
Common aquired benign proliferation of melanocytes
Properties of nevi
Symmetric, small, well-circumscribed, organized nests, melanocytes only in basal layer
Properties of melanoma
Asymmetric, large, non well-circumscribed, not in nests, melanocytes in other layers
Melanoma in situ
Radially growing; has not penetrated dermis
Metastatic melanoma
Vertically growing; has penetrated dermis
Etiology of melanoma
Genetic mutations (BRAF, CDKN2), UV exposure, immunosuppression
ABCDE of melanoma
Asymmetry, Borders, Colors, Diameter, Evolution/Elevation
