skin conditions

Question 1

what are the 4main functions of the skin

Answer 1

1. protection: physical barrier to protect from mechanical, chemical and biological damage
   - epidermis: has keratin (strength and durability)
   - dermis: collagen and elastin (flexibility and resilience)
   - sebum: natural oil to lubricate and moisturize
2. regulation: blood vessels in skin dilate or constrict
3. sensation: detect touch, pressure, temp and pain
4. secretion and absorption
   - sebaceus glands in skin secrete sebum

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

outer protective layer
- keratinocytes (strength elasticity), melanocytes (uv), langerhans cells (immune)

Question 3

dermis

Answer 3

middle support and nourishment
- made of connective tissue (collagen elastin reticular fibers –network of support)
- hair sweat glands sebaceous glands

Question 4

hypodermis

Answer 4

deepest subcutaneous
adipose tissue and blood vessels

Question 5

what is main rule for massage and skin conditions

Answer 5

if skin is not intact client is invitation for infection
red flag

Question 6

mites

Answer 6

• animal parasites
• scabies –mites causing skin or hair problems
• transmitted through direct contact
• signs:itch red hair loss skin lesions

Question 7

head lice

Answer 7

• live on scalp and feed on blood
• lay eggs (nits) in hair
• spread through close contact or sharing stuff
• signs: itching tickling

Question 8

fungal infections

Answer 8

• caused by exposure to fungi (dermatophytes, yeasts, molds), weak immune system, meds
• occur on skin, nails, hair
• signs: itch, burn, red, thick/discolored nails/skin, crack/peel of skin, pain or discomfort

Question 9

athletes foot

Answer 9

• caused by dermatophytes in warm/moist environments
• itchy, burning scaly feet (in between toes), blisters, cracking, peeling

Question 10

ringworm

Answer 10

• fungal infection on skin, nails, scalp
• highly contagious (transmitted through contact)
• red scaly rash that forms ring, causes blisters or oozing

Question 11

candidiasis

Answer 11

yeast infection
- in skin, mouth, throat, genitals
- people w weak immune
- itching, burning , red, swelling

Question 12

onychomycosis

Answer 12

• toenail/nail fungus
• more common on toes
• starts as white/yellow spot on nail and spreads to who nail
• nail thickens, crumblwes, discolors

Question 13

massage therapy risks

Answer 13

• locally contraindicate bodywork

Question 14

herpes simplex

Answer 14

• common viral infection
• oral or genitaal
• no cure, highly contagious through skin, saliva or genital secretion
• can be dormant or no symptoms
• oral: cold sores and fever blisters around mouth
• genital: sores blisters on genitals
  pain, itching, discomfort

Question 15

herpes and massage

Answer 15

active — contraindicates massage

Question 16

staphylococcus infecion

Answer 16

• bacteria that causes lots of infections: skin, pneumonia, sepsis
• produce enzymes and toxins that damage tissues and evade bodys immune system
• signs: skin infections (red, swelling, tender, pus), pneumonia (fever, cough, chest pain hard to breathe), spesis (fever, low BP, organ dysfunction)

Question 17

staph infection and massage

Answer 17

contraindication

Question 18

streptococcus infections

Answer 18

• wide range of illnesses: mild skin, sepsis
• in mouth, throat and on skin
  3 kinds:
• streptococcus pyrogenes – strep throat, ipetigo, cellulitis
• streptococcus pneumoniae: respiratory infections
• streptococcus agalacticae: genital tract
  signs: fever, sore throat, skin rash, red and swell, pain, short breath, ches pain, fatigue

Question 19

strep and massage

Answer 19

• highly contagious
• contraindication until infection signs have passed

Question 20

warts

Answer 20

• non cancerous, caused by HPV – effects outer skin
• anywhere on body, mostly hands, feet, face
• contagious: spread direct contact
  signs: raised, rough, cauliflower, pain, itching bleeding
• tx: topical meds, cryotherapy, laser therapy, surgery

Question 21

types of warts

Answer 21

1. common warts: raised rough on hands and fingers
2. plantar: flat on feet
3. genital
4. flat: face, neck , hands

Question 22

massage and warts

Answer 22

local contraindication

Question 23

acne rasacea

Answer 23

chronic skin condition – causes red flushing bumps on face
- unknown cause (immune, genetic, stress?)
- signs: red and flush, small bumps and pimples, visible blood vesselson face, thick/distorted skin on nose, red and irritated eyes
- tx: cant be cured
- not contagious

Question 24

acne rosacea and massage

Answer 24

• could get worse when facial skin is stimulated

Question 25

acne vulgaris

Answer 25

- common skin condition, noncontagious - pimples, blackheads, whiteheads cyts on face neck chest and back - when hair follicles become clogged w oil and dead skin and become infected w bacteria

Question 26

massage and acne vulgaris

Answer 26

- inflamed skin lesion: local contraindicate - massage can make pimples worse

Question 27

eczema and dermatitis

Answer 27

- common skin noncontagious - itchy, red, inflammed - cause unknown involved w immune response (combined genetic and environment) - triggers: dry skin, allergens, irritants, stress, change in temp or humidity - signs: dry itchy skin, red and inflamed, scaly rough skin, cracked skin, thick/leathery skin, small leaky bumps

Question 28

massage and eczema and dermatitis

Answer 28

massage boosts local circulation - if area red, warm, itchy: massage makes it worse - hypersensitivity to massage lubricants

Question 29

seborrheic Keratosis

Answer 29

- common skin condition - benign growths on skin ranging from light tan to black - signs: non cancerous growth, waxy, raised bump on skin - most likely on face, chest, back and neck - more common in people over 50 w fair skin - related to aging process and sun exposure (keratinocytes prliferate and clump together) - no threat to health (just beauty)

Question 30

skin cancer

Answer 30

- cancer in skin cells (most common type in US) - malignant cells form in tissues of skin (can spread if not treated) - mostly in people w fair skin, light eyes and sun exposure - happens when DNA in skin cells is damaged by exposure to UV -- damage causes mutation that makes cells grow and divide uncontrolled -- leads to development of tumor - can spread to other parts of body and lead to organ failure or death

Question 31

what are the 3 types of skin cancer

Answer 31

1. basal cell carcinoma 2. squamous cell carcinoma 3. melanoma

Question 32

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 32

- more common - slow growing cancer - appears as waky bump or flat fles cholored or brown scar-like lesion on skin

Question 33

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 33

- more common fast growing cancer - red scaly patch or raised wart like growth on skin

Question 34

melanoma

Answer 34

- most deadly - fast growing cancer - develops from mole or other pigmented lesion on skin - appears as dark brown or black spot w irregular borders and assymetrical shape

Question 35

signs of skin cancer

Answer 35

- changes in size, shape or color of mole or lesion on skin - sore that doesnt heal - new growth on skin

Question 36

massage and skin cancer

Answer 36

dont let them ignore an important sign or symptom