Skin disease

Question 1

What species usually suffer with fleas ?

Answer 1

-dog , cat , rabbit

Question 2

What is dog flea ?

Answer 2

ctenocephalides canis

Question 3

4 cutaneous reaction patterns of cats

Answer 3

-head and neck pruritis
-symmetrical alopecia
-eosinophillic granuloma complex
-miliary dermatitis

Question 4

Common presentation of fleas

Answer 4

pruritis

Question 5

What species commonly present with lice ?

Answer 5

farm , horses , guinea pigs , birds

Question 6

Surface mite common in cattle and where they occur .

Answer 6

chorioptes bovis - tailhead and lower legs

Question 7

Surface mites common in sheep and how present

Answer 7

psoroptes ovis - sheep scab
chorioptes bovis - scrotal manage

Question 8

Surface mites found in horses and how they present .

Answer 8

chorioptes equi - leg/tail mange
psoroptes - body and ear mange
neotrombicula ( harvest mite ) - head/legs - late summer/autumn

Question 9

Surface mites found in dogs and cats and how they present

Answer 9

otodectes ( ear mite ) -otitis , exudate
cheyletiella (fur mite ) truncal scale -zoonotic
neotrombicula ( harvest mite ) - head/limbs later summer/autumn

Question 10

surface mites found on rabbits and how they present

Answer 10

cheyletiella ( fur mite ) -truncal scale - zoonotic
leporacus gibbus ( fur mite ) often asymptomatic
psoroptes cuniculi ( ear mite ) flakey crust

Question 11

Burrowing mites in dogs and how present

Answer 11

-sarcoptes scabiei - sarcoptic mange , pruritis , zoonotic
-demodex - folliculitis , furunculosis, common in young and elderly

Question 12

Burrowing mite in guinea pigs and how present

Answer 12

trixicarus - extreme pruritis , zoonotic

Question 13

Burrowing mite that effects birds how it presents

Answer 13

cnemidocoptes - scaley beak , scaley leg

Question 14

What is sweet itch and how is it caused ?

Answer 14

-hypersensitivity in horses to midges saliva , pruritis , lesions on neck,tail base and face

Question 15

What might be causing skin disease via an ectoparasite if we can’t find any on the animal ?

Answer 15

-midges - hypersensitivity , transmit disease
-nuisance flies
- red mite - lives in environment ( only poultry )

Question 16

Which 3 ways can microbes enter the skin

Answer 16

-follicles
-direct through damaged skin
-haematogenous spreads ( rare )

Question 17

how to label bacterial skin diseases ?

Answer 17

-depth
-inflammatory response , pyogenic ( neutrophills - pyoderma ) , granulomatous ( macrophages ) , necrotising ( vascular damage )
-lesion distribution and severity

Question 18

different types of bacterial skin diseases

Answer 18

-surface pyoderma
-superficial pyoderma
-deep pyoderma
-bacterial granulomatous dermatitis
-skin lesions secondary to systemic bacterial or infection with toxin producing bacteria

Question 19

Give examples of surface pyoderma in dogs and how they present .

Answer 19

-intertrigo- skin fold pyoderma , neutrophillic inflammation
-acute moist dermatitis - acute lesion from skin self-trauma
-bacterial overgrowth syndrome - no/minimal inflammation , pruritic

Question 20

Give examples of superficial pyodermas and how they present .

Answer 20

-bacterial folliculitis - pustule , papules , epidermal collarettes
-impetigo
-exfoliative superficial pyoderma - scale

*
-all present papules/pustules —-crust , epidermal collarettes/scale , follicular plugs , alopecia
-all primarily neutrophilic

Question 21

Bacterial folliculitis

Answer 21

infection within hair follicle

Question 22

impetigo

Answer 22

interfollicular infection of epidermis

Question 23

exfoliative superficial pyoderma

Answer 23

infection between layers of stratum corneum

Question 24

Give example of deep pyoderma and how they can present

Answer 24

-furunculosis - pyogranulomatous inflammation ( neutrophills and macrophages )
-abscess - due to wound or foreign body
-cellulitis

• all associated with nodules and thickening

Question 25

Furunculosis

Answer 25

extension of folliculitis where hair follicle wall ruptures allowing microbes and free keratin in the dermis

Question 26

TRUE /FALSE granulomas don't come into epidermis

Answer 26

true - macrophages are too big

Question 27

Cellulitis

Answer 27

neutrophilic inflammation of deep sub cut connective tissue

Question 28

Give example of bacterial granulomatous dermatitis

Answer 28

*caused by traumatic implantation of saprophytic organisms -mycobacterial granulomas/pyogranulomas -non-filamentous bacterial granulomas - lesions contain small yellow granules -filamentous bacterial granulomas - nodular masses that may involve bone e.g lumpy jaw in cow , actinomycosis

Question 29

erysipelas

Answer 29

systemic bacterial infection in pigs causes vascular damage of the skin and necrosis -diamond shaped lesions

Question 30

how to diagnose bacterial disease ?

Answer 30

-cytology - lesion surface , exudate , FNA find out inflammatory cell type -culture - biopsy , exudate , pustule -histopathology - skin biopsy

Question 31

What principles to consider when treating bacterial skin disease ?

Answer 31

- kill organism - avoid antibiotics and use topical antibacterials , NEED systemic antibiotics for deep infections , * IF abscess only need antibiotics if cellulitis or pyrexic -enhance bodies defences -address underlying cause

Question 32

different types of viral skin disease

Answer 32

-vesicular -papilloma -pox

Question 33

Why are vesicular diseases so important ?

Answer 33

lots are notifiable

Question 34

Give some examples of vesicular skin diseases

Answer 34

-foot and mouth -vesicular stomatitis -swine vesicular disease -blue tongue -rinderpest

Question 35

How do papilloma viruses present ?

Answer 35

-papillomas = warts -plaques -cattle, horse and dogs

Question 36

How to pox viruses present ?

Answer 36

macules, papules , vesicles , pustules , crusts

Question 37

TRUE/FALSE myxomatosis is a type of pox virus

Answer 37

true

Question 38

TRUE/FALSE cowpox is rare in cattle but affects cats

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Name some other types of viral skin diseases

Answer 39

-porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome - blotchy skin lesions -psittacine beak -border disease

Question 40

Name a protozoal skin disease and how presents

Answer 40

leishmaniasis -many signs seen in uk from dogs imported from endemic areas ( spread by blood-sucking sand flies )

Question 41

Pemphigus foliaceus

Answer 41

immune mediated disease where antibodies attack desmosomes ( specifically desmocolin 1 in the dog )

Question 42

Papule

Answer 42

small solid elevation of skin smaller than 1cm diameter

Question 43

Pustule

Answer 43

small skin elevation filled with pus , smaller than 1 cm

Question 44

Scale

Answer 44

rafts of immature keratinocytes which accumulate at the skin surface

Question 45

Crust

Answer 45

when exudate dry on skin surface