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4th year > Skin + Endocrine > Flashcards

Skin + Endocrine Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

skin sampling techniques and there uses

A

Coat Brushing: flea faeces, cheyletiella
Skin Scrape: mites
Hair Pluck: mites, eggs, dermatophytes, hair structure
Cytology (tape): cell types, pathogens, neoplasia

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2
Q

clinical indications of a skin biopsy

A

suspect neoplasia, unusual/severe signs, persistent ulceration, no response to treatment,

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3
Q

skin biopsy selection and collection techniques

A

careful selection of lesion: (early lesion and undamaged)
carful removal: do not crush or surgically prepare site
sample centre of lesion not edge

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4
Q

Wheal

A

discrete focus of dermal oedema, if large called angioedema

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5
Q

5 patterns of inflammation in skin disease

A

Perivascular, Nodular, interface, Diffuse/interface, Panniculitis

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6
Q

Scale

A

Hyperkeratosis: increase in stratum corneum

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7
Q

Comedo

A

Dilated hair follicle plugged with keratinous and sebaceous debris

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8
Q

Papule

A

solid palpable skin elevation <1cm

Plaque: extension of papules

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9
Q

2 types of pustule

A

Intraepidermal Pustular Dermitis
Neutrophilic: pyoderma or sterile disease (Pemphigus)
Eosinophilic: ectoparasite or hypersensitivity

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10
Q

difference between ulcer and erosion

A

Ulcer is complete loss of epidermis, erosion is only partial loss

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11
Q

Folliculitis and Furunculosis

A

Folliculitis: inflammation of hair follicle
Furunculosis: inflammation and destruction of hair follicle

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12
Q

Crust

A

Accumulation of dried exudate on skin

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13
Q

Common causes of pruritic skin disease

A

Parasite: Cheyletiella, Sarcoptes, Trombicula
Microbial Overgrowth/Infection: Staph, Malassezia
Hypersensitivity: FBD, Atopic dermatitis, Food hypersensitisation

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14
Q

main mites effecting the Dog, Cat and Horse

A

Demodex(D,C,H), Sarcpoties(D), Chelyletiella(D,C), Trombicula(D,C,H)

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15
Q

July- September, sever pruritic

A

Trombicula, treatment:Fipronil

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16
Q

cause of walking dandruff on the dorsal trunk

A

Cheyletiella

Treatment : Dog (Amitraz) Cat (Fipronil)

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17
Q

Treatment of FBH

A

Flea Bite Hypersensitivity: Flea control, Antipruritic/anti-inflammatory (glucocorticoids)

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18
Q

Urticaria

A

Multiple wheals , HIVES

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19
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

Break in the skin barrier or exposure to allergen causing a secondary infection with Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius or Malassiezia Pachydermatis, causing erythema.

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20
Q

DDX for steroid resistant pruritic crusting lesions

A

Scabies, Pemphigus, Dermatophytosis, Cutaneous Lymphoma

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21
Q

Treatment for Sarcoptic mange

A

Amitraz, total body clip, prednisolone,

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22
Q

erosions, ulcers and hyperkeratosis on the paws, secondary pododermatitis also on muzzle and inguinal region

A

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis, Pemphigus foliaceous,

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23
Q

Red white and blue appearance on histology

A

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis: Poor prognosis

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24
Q

what is superficial necrolytic dermatitis often seen with

A

Hepatic disease(cirrhosis, vacuolar degeneration) or Pancreatic glucagonoma

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25
3 types of pyoderma
Surface: Hot spots, intertrigo, Bacterial overgrowth Superficial: Impetigo, follicultits Deep: Furunculosis, Acne, PAIN
26
What is a Hot Spot and treatment
Pyotraumatic dermatitis, bacterial overgrowth with often underlying problem (otitis, anal sac, FBH) treatment: topical antibacterial, systemic or topical anti-inflammatory, treat underlying cause
27
what is always indicated in deep pyoderma
Bacterial culture and sensitivity | Glucocorticoids are contraindicated!
28
what causes over 90% of canine superficial pyoderma
staphylococci pseudintermedius | also 60-80% deep pyoderma
29
how long should treatment for pyoderma last
Deep 4-6 weeks or 2 weeks beyond CS | Superficial: 3 weeks or 1 week beyond CS
30
Dermatophilosis
Mud Fever/Lumpy wool: bacterial infection spread by fleas and ticks
31
causes of alopecia
Inflammatory( parasite, bacterial, fungal or sterile) Non-inflammatory (coat colour- linked, Endocrine) Traumatic
32
Panniculitis
inflammation of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue
33
causes of nodules
``` granulomatous inflammation( sterile or infectious) Neoplasia, depositional diseases, trauma (haematoma) ```
34
main causes for hyperpigmentation
Chronic allergic skin disease or endocrine disease
35
most common autoimmune disaese
Pemphigus foliaceus
36
Phemphigus Foliaceus main CS and Cause
Pustules and crust on face/neck/feet and whole body intrepidermal pustular disease caused by an autoimmune attack on the desmosomes causing loss of intracellular connections
37
main vesicular diseases of farm animals
Foot and Mouth !!! swine vesicular disease
38
small ulcers on cats face/limbs causing widespread lesions 7-10 days later, vesicles/crusting/ulcers Hunting cat in Autumn
Feline poxvirus infection (cowpox) | should resolve in 4-6 weeks in a healthy cat
39
treatment of autoimmune skin disease
topical steroids, Vitamin E, tetracycline, low dose steroid
40
2 main ectoparasites of horses and where they effect
Chorioptes: Limbs and Tail Psoroptes: Head and Ears
41
worm causing tail rubbing in a horse
Pinworm
42
cause of papules and crusting on the dorsal or ventral mid line of a horse
Insect bite hypersensitivity (sweet itch) | most likely Culicoides
43
How is sweet itch treated
Management: Avoid (stable 4pm-8am, rug/hoods, windy) | Repel (synthetic pyrethroids), Anti-inflammatoys
44
cause of aural plaques on a horse
Papillomavirus | Therapy: observation
45
Dermatophilosis
Bacterial skin infection (mud fever, greasy heal) | causes paint brush effect, alopecia on dorsum and limbs
46
cause of hirsutism, laminitis, PU/PD and hyperhydrosis
PPID (Pituitary Pars Intermedia dysfunction) | Therapy; PERGOLIDE
47
causes of photosentisation in horses
St John's Wort or liver disease
48
multiple nodular lesions around the saddle area or neck in spring/summer
collagenolytic granuloma, leave alone or surgical excision and give systemic glucocorticoids
49
Most common equine skin neoplasm
Sarcoids: entire biopsy followed by topical chemotherapy , imiquimod cream
50
Are Guinea Pig louse zoonotic
No
51
cause of scaling and crusting on a rabbit
Cheyletiellosis: Ivermectin
52
main lice affecting cattle
Biting: Bovicola Bovis Sucking: haematopinus eurysterus
53
Treatment for lice
Best to treat in Autumn: ML pour-on or injection
54
cause of head and tail mange in cattle
sarcopties ( ML pour on)
55
cause of sheep scab
Psorotes Ovis: pustules and matted fleece | treatment with plunge dip or ML pour-on
56
only mite and louse of Pigs
Mite: Sarcopties Louse: Haematopinus Suis
57
cause of lumpy wool
Dermatophilosis: bacterial infection Treatment: dry conditions, systemic AB, topical chlorhexidine scrubs
58
causes of otitis
FB, Parasites, Atopic dermatitis, cutaneous food hypersensitivity, S . Intermsdius or Malassezia
59
main causes of recurrent chronic pruritic otitis externa
Allergic skin disease or bacterial/yeast overgrowth
60
Cushings Disaese
Hyperadrenocorticism: Pituitary dependent (80%) or adrenal dependent (20%)
61
CS for Cushings disease
PU/PD, excellent appetite, exercise intolerance, abdominal distension, coat changes, symmetrical alopecia and hyper-pigmentation, anoestrus
62
Sensitivity
likelihood an infected animal will be positive | few false negatives
63
Specificity
likelihood that a uninfected animal will be negative | few false positives
64
how is Cushing's tested for
ACTH stimulation test or a low dose dexamethasone suppression test
65
How to differentiate between pituitary and adrenal dependent hyperadrenocortisisum
Pituitary dependent has a 4 hour suppression on dex test but rises back up at 8 hours. Adrenal never suppresses
66
concerns over both test for cushings
ACTH : false negatives | Lox dose dex: false positives (stress)
67
treatment for hyperadrenocortisism
Trilostane (inhibits cortisol synthesis) or Mitotane (lysis of adrenal gland) or surgically
68
cause of increased supraorbital fat in a 13 year old pony
PPID
69
cause of generalized obesity especially around crest and tail base. test for it
Equine metabolic syndrome | Oral glucose test: fast overnight give 1g/kg glucose and take blood 2 hours later >85 IU/ml= insulin dysfunction
70
treatment for equine metabolic syndrome
Weight loss: 1.5% body weight of poor hay | increased exercise, pergolide and trilostane
71
cause of sudden onset neuro signs in a dairy cow: walking in circles, wandering, head pressing , licking and apparent blindness
Ketosis Primary:VFI too low for energy requirement (post calving) Secondary: any condition causing loss of appetite (LDA/RDA, lameness, mastitis or metritis)
72
treatment for ketosis
IV dextrose 100g fast or 200g slow
73
cause of fatty liver syndrome
loss of BCS from >4 to 2: NEFA getting stored in liver | treatment: Fluids and dextrose drench
74
causes for a downer cow
Hypocalcaemia, Hypomagnesaemia, Hypophosphataemia, acute toxic metritis/mastitis/ peritonitis, Fat cow syndrome
75
time period for a downer cow
if longer than 24 hours = poor prognosis sciatic nerve damage, muscle necrosis 48 hour euthanasia
76
happy dower cow or creeper cow
Hypophosphataemia

4th year (8 decks)

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