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Nursing! > Skin, Hair, and Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 layers associated with the skin?

A
  1. epidermis
  2. subcutaneous
  3. dermis
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2
Q

describe epidermis

A

first layer, thin, tough
- horny layer: dead keratinized cells (layer we “shed”
- basal layer = forms new cells

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3
Q

describe the subcutaneous layer

A

made of adipose tissue (fat tissue)

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4
Q

describe the dermal layer

A

middle layer of the skin, made of connective tissue + collagen
- holds nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels + lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

what are the two types of human hair?

A

vellus + terminal

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6
Q

describe vellus hair

A

covers your body (except palms, + soles, fingers, umbilicus, glans penis, and inside the labia)

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7
Q

describe terminal hair

A

darker, thicker hair on the scalp, eyebrows, + pubic areas

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8
Q

describe the differences between sebaceous, eccrine, and apocrine glands

A
  • sebaceous = produces sebum (oil) + lubricates skin + hair
  • eccrine = coiled tubules open onto skin surface + produce sweat
  • apocrine = produce thick, milky, secretions + opens into hair follicles
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9
Q

list functions of the skin (be able to list 5)

A
  1. protection
  2. prevents penetration
  3. perception
  4. temperature regulation
  5. identification
  6. communication
  7. wound repair
  8. absorption + secretion
  9. production of vitamin D
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10
Q

describe pallor

A

due to non oxygenated hemoglobin
in light skin it looks pale/white-pink
in dark skin it looks ashen grey

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11
Q

describe erythema

A

due to excessive blood in superficial capillaries (fever or inflammation)
light skin looks red
dark skin is not visible so feel for warmth or hardening

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12
Q

describe cyanosis

A

due to non oxygenated blood (chronic heart/lung disease, anxiety or cold)
light skin looks blue
dark skin not noticeable feel for temperature

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13
Q

jaundice

A

due to excess bilirubin
light skin looks yellow
dark skin not noticeable

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14
Q

list causes of changes in skin temperature

A

hypothermia, hyperthermia

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15
Q

list causes of changes texture in the skin

A

hypothyroidism (shock, cardiac arrest, arterial insufficiency) hyperthyroidism (increased metabolic rate, trauma, infection, sun burn, hyperthyroidism)

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16
Q

list causes of changes moisture

A

diaphoresis (thyrotoxis, MI, anxiety + pain)
dehydration

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17
Q

list causes of changes mobility

A

ease of skin to rise (increased with edema + scleroderma)

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18
Q

list causes of changes in tugor

A

skins ability to return to place promptly with released (decreased with dehydration + extreme weight loss)

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19
Q

describe each grade on the 4 point grading scale for pitting edema

A

1+ mild pitting
2+ moderate pitting
3+ deep pitting
4+ very deep pitting

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20
Q

white linear markings that normally are visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed are termed _____

A

lunula

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21
Q

describe congenital dermal melanocytes

A

one or more birth marks

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22
Q

describe cafe au lait spot

A

large round/oval patch of light brown pigmentation - usually normal

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23
Q

describe erythema toxicum

A

aka “baby acne”
harmless skin rash that affects many newborns

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24
Q

describe cutis marmorata

A

transient mottling in the trunk + extremities in response to cooler temperature
forms reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin

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25
describe physiological jaundice
yellowing of the skin, sclera + mucous membranes, develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life due to increased numbers of the rbc that hemolyzes after birth
26
describe milia
tiny white papule on cheeks, forehead + across the nose + chin caused by sebum hay occludes (closes) the opening of the follicles
27
describe lentigines
common variations of hyperpigmentation - "liver spots"
28
describe seborrheic keratosis
raised thickened area of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, warty, dark, greasy + "stuck on"
29
describe actinic keratosis
red-tan plaques that increase over the years to become raised + rough headed
30
describe acrochordons (skin tags)
over growths, form stalk; are polyp-like
31
describe sebaceous hyperplasia
raised yellow papules with central depression
32
describe measles (rubeola)
red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash, first appears behind the eats, looks coppery + does not blanch. Koplik spots in mouth (red-based) + elevations of 1-3mm
33
describe German measles (rubella)
pink, papular rash (similar to measles but paler). distinguished from measles by: neck lymphadenopathy, NO koplik spots
34
chicken pox (varicella)
shiny vesicles on erythematous base - become pustules then crusts - very pruritic (itchy)
35
define alopecia
baldness - hair loss
36
define annular
circular shape to skin lesion
37
define apocrine glands
located mainly in axillae, anogenital area, nipples, + naval + vestigial in humans + produce thick, milky secretions + open in hair follicles
38
define basal cell layer
cell layer within the epidermis that forms new skin cells
39
define bulla
elected cavity containing free fluid in epidermis - less than 1cm
40
define confluent
skin lesions that merge together
41
define crust
thick, dried out exudate left on skin when vesicles or pustules burst or dry up
42
define cyanosis
dusky, blueish mottled discolouration of skin or mucous membranes due to increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin
43
define eccrine glads
type of sweat gland that is coiled in tubules and open directly onto the skin surface + produces a dilute saline solution called SWEAT
44
define erosion
scooped-out, shallow depression in skin
45
define erythema
an intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever, local inflammation, or emotional reactions
46
define excoriation
self inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
47
define fissure
linear crack in skin extending in dermis
48
define furuncle
a boil; a suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle
49
define hemangioma
skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
50
define iris
target shape of skin lesion
51
define jaundice
yellow color to skin, palate, + sclera, due to excess bilirubin in the blood
52
define keloid
hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury
53
define lichenification
tightly packed set of papule that thickens the skin, caused by prolonged intense scratching
54
define lipoma
benign fatty tumor composed of mature fat cells
55
define macule
a flat skin lesion with only a color change
56
define nevus
a mole; a circumscribed skin lesion fur to express melanocytes
57
define nodule
elevated skin lesion; less than 1cm
58
define pallor
excessively pale, whitish pink color to lightly pigmented skin
59
define papule
palpable skin lesion, less than 1cm
60
define plaque
skin lesion in which papule coalesce or come together
61
define pruritus
itching
62
define purpura
red to purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
63
define pustule
elevated cavity containing thick, turbid fluid
64
define scale
compact desiccated flake of skin from shredding of dead skin cells
65
define telangiectasia
skin lesion due to permanently enlarged + dilated blood vessels that are viable
66
define ulcer
sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis
67
define vesicle
elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm diameter
68
define wheal
raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid
69
define zosteriform
linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route

Nursing! (23 decks)

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