Skinner

Question 1

A doctrine that avoids all hyptotherical constructs such as ego traits drives needs hunger and so forth

Skinner’s strict adherence to observable behavior

Answer 1

Radical behaviorism

Question 2

Skinner is …

Answer 2

Determinist and environmentalist

Question 3

First psychologist who systematically studied the consequenxes of behavior

Answer 3

Edward thorndike

Question 4

Thorndike’s concept that learning takes place mostly because of the effects that follow a response

Answer 4

Law of effect

Question 5

Two parts of law of effect

Answer 5

Reward

Punishment

Question 6

Skinner’s notion is that

Answer 6

Psychology must avoid internal mental factors and confine itself to observanle physical events

Question 7

Realm of philosophy

Answer 7

Cosmology

Question 8

Behaviorism allows

Answer 8

Interpretation but not an explanation of causes

Question 9

Accdg to skinner science has 3 characteristics.

What are those

Answer 9

1. Science is cumulative
2. Attitude that values empirical observation
3. Search for order and lawful relationships

Question 10

Scientific attitude

Answer 10

Rejects authority
Demands intellectual property
Suspends judgements

Question 11

Behavior is determined and lawful and with this PCd are possible jn scientifoc behaviorism

Answer 11

Prediction
Control
Description

Question 12

A response drawn out of the organism by a specific, identifiable stimulus

The behavior is elicited from the organism

Responsible for phobias fears and anxieties

Answer 12

Classical conditioning

Question 13

Behavior is made more likelt to recur when it is immediately reinforced

Behavior is emitted

Answer 13

Operant conditioning

Question 14

Procedure in which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross approximations of the behavior the closer and finally the behavior itslef

Answer 14

Shaping

Question 15

3 conditions operant conditioning

Answer 15

Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence

Question 16

Refers to the environment or setting in which the behavior takes place

Answer 16

Antecedent

Question 17

history of differential reinforcement. Consequence of reinforcement historyp

Answer 17

Operant discrimination

Question 18

A response to a similar environment in the absence of previous reinforcement

Answer 18

Stimulus generalization

Question 19

2 effects of reinforcement

Answer 19

Rewards the person and strengthens the behavior

Question 20

Any stimulus that when added to a situation increases the probability that a given behavior will occur

Answer 20

Positive reinforcement

Question 21

Removal, reduce, avoidance of adversive stimulus from a situation that increases the probability that preceding behavior will occur

Answer 21

Negative reinforcement

Question 22

Presentation of aversive stimulus of removal of postive one

Answer 22

Punishment

Question 23

Difference between punsihment and negative reinforcement

Answer 23

Negative strengthens a response wjile punishmebt does not

Question 24

imposed to prevent people from acting in a particular way

Answer 24

Punishmenf

Question 25

Effects of punishment

Answer 25

Suppress behavior Conditioning of negative feeling Spread of effect

Question 26

Are those environmental stimuli that are not by nature satisfying but become so becaus they are associated with such unlesrned or primary reinforcements

Answer 26

Conditioned reinforcers/secondary reinforcers/generalized reinforcers

Question 27

5 impt generalized reinforcers

Answer 27

``` Attention Approval affection Submission Tokens ```

Question 28

Reinforcements can be either continous or itermittent

Answer 28

/

Question 29

Organism is reinforced for every response. Increases the frequency but not efficient

Answer 29

Continuous schedule

Question 30

Make kore efficient use of the reinforcer and produce responses resistant to extinction

Answer 30

Intermittent schedule

Question 31

5 pecks to 1 pellet food

Answer 31

Fixed ratio schedule

Question 32

Slot machine Reinforced after every nth response on the average

Answer 32

Variable ratio

Question 33

Salary every 15th month

Answer 33

Fixed interval

Question 34

One in which the organism is reinforced after lapse of random or varied peroods of time

Answer 34

Variable interval schedule

Question 35

Defined as the tendency of a previously acquired response to become progressively weakened upon non reinforcement

Answer 35

Extinction

Question 36

Reasons for lost of responses

Answer 36

1 forgotten due to passage of time 2 interference of preceding or subsequent learning 3 disappear due to punishment 4 extinction

Question 37

Takes place whenan experimenter systematically witholds reinforcement of a previously learned response until the probability of response diminishes to zero

Answer 37

Operant extinction

Question 38

Human behavior is shaped by three forces

Answer 38

1 natural selection 2 cultural practices 3 history of reinforcements

Question 39

Social forces

Answer 39

Operant conditioning Describing contingencies Deprivation and satiation Physical restraint

Question 40

Counteracting strategies

Answer 40

Escape Revolt Passive resistance

Question 41

People who counteraxt by ___ find it difficult to become involve in intimate personal relationship, tend to be mistrustful of people, and prefer to live lonely lives of non involvement

Answer 41

Escape

Question 42

Counteraxting the controlling agent

Answer 42

Revolt

Question 43

More subtle than those who rebel and more irritating to the controllers than those who rely on escape Conspicious feature is stubborness

Answer 43

Passive resistance

Question 44

result of unsuccessful self control

Answer 44

Inappropriate behavior

Question 45

Inappropriate behaviors are

Answer 45

``` Excessively vigorous behavior Excessively restrained behavior Blocking out reality Defective self knowledge Self punishment ```

Question 46

Makes no sense in terms of contemporary situationsa but might be reasonable in terms of past history

Answer 46

Excessively vigorous behaviorp

Question 47

People use as a means of avoiding the aversive stimuli associated with punishment

Answer 47

Excessively restrained behavior

Question 48

Simply paying not attention to aversive stimuli

Answer 48

Blocking out reality

Question 49

Manifested un such self deluding responses as boasting rationalizing or claiming to be messiahs

Answer 49

Defective self knowledge

Question 50

Exemplified either by people dorectly punishing themselves or by arranging environmental variables so that they are punished by others

Answer 50

Self punishment

Question 51

Refers to the effexts of deprivation and satiation and to the corresponding probability that the organism woll respond An explanatory fiction

Answer 51

Drive