Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Question 1

denial of experiences can be rewarding because it does remove the aversive stimuli/feelings of anxiety over punishment.

Answer 1

Unconscious Behavior

Question 2

simply the result of random

Answer 2

Creativity

Question 3

three forces of human behavior:

Answer 3

Natural Selection
Cultural Practices
Individuals history of reinforcement

Question 4

is shaped by three forces.

Answer 4

Human Behavior

Question 5

human behavior can be exceedingly complex

Answer 5

Complex behavior

Question 6

find it difficult to become involved in intimate personal relationship, tend to be mistrustful of people, and prefer to live lovely lives of noninvolvement.(moving away)

Answer 6

Escape

Question 7

increases our chance to survive are reinforced therefore lingers and be passed down.

Answer 7

Cultural Evolution

Question 8

behaviors that are reinforcing (keeps us alive) tend to linger and be passed down.

Answer 8

Natural Selection

Question 9

the removal of an aversive stimulus from a situation also increases the probability that the preceding behavior will occur.

Answer 9

Negative Reinforcement

Question 10

defined as the tendency of a previously acquired response to become progressively weakened upon non reinforcement.

Answer 10

Extinction

Question 11

Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 11

Continuous Schedule
Intermittent Schedule

Question 12

it is reinforced after the nth response on the average.

Answer 12

Variable Ratio

Question 13

are physically felt stimuli within the organism and not mentalistic events responsible for behavior.

Answer 13

Purpose and Intention

Question 14

is a clear departure from the highly speculative psychodynamic theories.

Answer 14

Behavioral Analysis

Question 15

any stimulus that, when added to a situation, increases the probability that a given behavior will occur

Answer 15

Positive Reinforcement

Question 16

three basic counteracting strategies:

Answer 16

Escape
Revolt
Passive resistance

Question 17

is a procedure in which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross approximations of the behavior, then closer approximations, and finally the desired behavior itself.

Answer 17

Shaping

Question 18

moving against

Answer 18

Revolt

Question 19

contingencies of reinforcement and survival.

Answer 19

Emotions

Question 20

is the immediate reinforcement of a response.

Answer 20

Operant Conditioning

Question 21

an individual’s behavior is controlled by environmental contingencies.

Answer 21

Control of Human Behavior

Question 22

follow from self defeating techniques of counteracting social control or from unsuccessful attempts at self control, especially when either of these failures is accompanied by strong emotion.

Answer 22

Inappropriate Behavior

Question 23

membership in a social group is not always reinforcing yet, for at three reasons, some people remain a member of a group.

Answer 23

social behavior

Question 24

allows for an interpretation of behavior but not an explanation of its causes

Answer 24

Science behaviorism

Question 25

each of us is controlled by a variety of social forces and techniques.

Answer 25

Social Control

Question 26

there is a pattern on when the reinforcement is given

Answer 26

Intermittent Schedule

Question 27

Passive aggressive, the most annoying one

Answer 27

Passive Resistance

Question 28

is the presentation of an aversive stimulus, such as an electric shock, or the removal of a positive one, such as disconnecting an adolescent's telephone.

Answer 28

Punishment

Question 29

such as feelings of love, anxiety, or fear.

Answer 29

Inner States

Question 30

a response is drawn out of the organism by a specific, identifiable stimulus.

Answer 30

Classical Conditioning/ Respondent Conditioning

Question 31

involves covert behavior and often requires the person to covertly manipulate the relevant variables until the correct solution is found.

Answer 31

Higher Mental process

Question 32

the organism is reinforced for the first response following a designated period of time.

Answer 32

Fixed Interval

Question 33

is reinforcing when repressed sexual or aggressive stimuli are allowed expression.

Answer 33

Dreams

Question 34

every time the behavior is done, the organism is rewarded/reinforced

Answer 34

Continuous Schedule

Question 35

an unconditioned stimulus a number of times until it is capable of bringing about a previously unconditioned response.

Answer 35

Classical Conditioning

Question 36

four basic intermittent schedule

Answer 36

fixed ratio variable ratio fixed interval variable interval

Question 37

we can control ourselves by controlling our environment

Answer 37

Self Control

Question 38

the techniques of social control and self control sometimes produce detrimental effects, which results in

Answer 38

The Unhealthy Personality

Question 39

Skinner believed that humans not only have consciousness but are also aware of their consciousness.

Answer 39

Self-awareness

Question 40

Has two effects: it strengthens the behavior and it rewards the person.

Answer 40

Reinforcement

Question 41

refer to the effects of deprivation and satiation

Answer 41

Drives

Question 42

is one in which the organism is reinforced after the lapse of random or varied periods of time.

Answer 42

Variable Interval

Question 43

when social control is excessive, people can use three basic strategies for counteracting it.

Answer 43

Counteracting Strategies

Question 44

a behavior is made more likely to recur when it is immediately reinforced.

Answer 44

Operant Conditioning

Question 45

the organism is reinforced intermittently according to the number of responses it makes

Answer 45

Fixed Ratio