Skull

Question 0

Orbits are larger on AP or PA Caldwell

Answer 0

AP

Question 1

Where are petris pyramids on a straight AP? Caldwell? Towne? Waters?

Answer 1

AP- fills the orbits
Caldwell- lower 1/3 of orbits
Towne- above orbits into the frontal
Waters - petrous ridge below the maxillary sinuses

Question 2

What does modified waters demonstrate best

Answer 2

Orbital floors (blowout fx)

Question 3

Where is the petrous ridges in the modified waters

Answer 3

Lower 1/3 of maxillary sinuses

Question 4

What line is perpendicular to IR for a lateral

Answer 4

IPL

Question 5

Where is CR entrance for lateral skull? Lateral facial bones? Lateral nasal?

Answer 5

Lateral skull - 2” above EAM
Lateral facial and orbits - zygoma (1/2 between outer canthus and EAM
Lateral nasal - 1/2” below nasion

Question 6

A MVA victim on back board. dr orders a skull exam. Cannot move pt. Pts neck is hyperextended so that his AML is perpendicular to the IR. What should your angle and enter encrypt be to obtain a towne

Answer 6

30° +7° + 10° = 47° Caudad enter at the glabbella

Question 7

Pt came from the ER and you suspect a spinal injury. Pt is supine and can’t be turned prone. What would it take to achieve the waters method for facial bones

Answer 7

Reverse waters method (acanthioparital projection)
Enter CR at acanthion
CR angled so it is parallel to MML

Question 8

Two most symmetrical structures in the skull

Answer 8

Mastoid processes

Orbital rims

Question 9

Which modality is the modality of choice if the dr suspects skeletal metastasis

Answer 9

Nuclear medicine

Question 10

What gland sits on the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Answer 10

Pituitary

Question 11

How can you tell if the waters image is rotated

Answer 11

Lateral margins of the skull to the lateral margin of the orbits (same distance on both sides)

Question 12

Nasal bone exams include a waters and a ________ to evaluate for a bony nasal bone deviation

Answer 12

Caldwell

Question 13

How should we do all head work ideally

Answer 13

Erect

Question 14

What should we do for pediatric and peds pts for skull work to get images the first time

Answer 14

Immobilization devices
Decrease time
Increase mA

Question 15

What are fontanels

Answer 15

Soft spots

Incomplete ossification of the skull

Question 16

What are your two cranial bones that contain many air cells

Answer 16

Temporal and ethmoid

Question 17

How do we avoid rotation and tilt of the skull

Answer 17

Immobilization devices
Communication
Make pt as comfort as possible

Question 18

What is the top floppy part of the outer ear called

Answer 18

Auricle / pinna

Question 19

What is the part on the outside of the EAM

Answer 19

Tragus

Question 20

What plane divides the skull into right and left sections

Answer 20

Sagital

Question 21

Petrous pyramids sit at the angle of ________° with the MSP for a braccicephalic (short broad head)

Answer 21

54°

Question 22

Petrous pyramids sit at what angle to the MSP For a mesocephalic (normal) head

Answer 22

47°

Question 23

Petrous pyramids sit at what angle to the MSP for a dolichocepgalic (skinny head) head

Answer 23

40°

Question 24

Temporal bones contain the thickest and most dence structure of the skull called

Answer 24

Petrous pyramids

Question 25

For a ________ method or projection the OML and MSP are perpendicular to the IR CR enters 2" above the glabbella and is angled 30° caudad

Answer 25

Towne

Question 26

Which bones make up the skull cap (calvarium) of the cranium

Answer 26

Frontal Right and left parietal Occipital

Question 27

Which bones make up the floor of the cranium

Answer 27

Right and left temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid

Question 28

What is the prominent bump or protuberance at the inferoposterior portion o the skull

Answer 28

Inion

Question 29

The shallow depression just posterior to the base of the Dorsum sellae and anterior to the Foramen magnum is the

Answer 29

Clivus

Question 30

Which small section of bone is located superior to the cribform plate

Answer 30

Crista galli

Question 31

What are the two terms for the small irregular bones found in the adult skull sutures

Answer 31

Sutural and wormian

Question 32

Caused by a blow to the cheek resulting in a fx of the zygoma in three places ( orbital processes, maxillary processes, and arch)

Answer 32

Tripod fx

Question 33

Underangulation or insufficient flexion of neck on AP Towne is represented by what

Answer 33

The Dorsum sellae is superior to the foramen magnum

Question 34

Over angulation or excessive flexion of neck on an AP Towne is recognize how

Answer 34

Posterior arch of c1 and Dorsum sellae are superimposed

Question 35

How can you tell if there is rotation on a lateral skull

Answer 35

Rotation - separation of the EAM, Mandibular rami, and greater wings of sphenoid, and orbital roofs are not superimposed.

Question 36

What bones lie anteriorly in the medial aspect of the orbit

Answer 36

Lacrimal bones

Question 37

Facial bone that possesses a vertical and horizontal portion

Answer 37

Palatine

Question 38

The skull consists of how many bones? How many cranium? How many facial?

Answer 38

22 bones 8 cranium bones 14 facial bones

Question 38

Name the bone that is often referred to as the ploughshare

Answer 38

Vomer

Question 39

Which bones would be considered "l" shaped

Answer 39

Palatine

Question 40

Routine views for facial bones

Answer 40

Lateral Pa Caldwell Waters Modified waters

Question 41

PA Caldwell for facial bones demonstrates what

Answer 41

``` Petrous ridges in the lower 1/3 Bony nasal septum Anterior spine Maxillae Zygomatic bones ```

Question 42

Waters method for facial bones demonstrates what

Answer 42

``` Maxillae Inferior orbital margins Nasal septum Zygomatic bones and arches Anterior nasal spine Petrous ridges below the maxillary sinuses ```

Question 43

What make up the bony nasal septum

Answer 43

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid (superiorly) | Vomer (inferiority)

Question 44

Radiographs for nasal bones

Answer 44

L&R laterals Waters Superoinferior

Question 45

What other facial bone projection or method demonstrates the bony nasal septum

Answer 45

Pa Caldwell

Question 46

What are the thinnest most fragile bones of the body

Answer 46

Nasal and lacrimal

Question 47

What projections are done for a trauma skull series

Answer 47

X table lateral AP Caldwell Towne

Question 48

What two projections or methods from a basic skull exam can best demonstrate the petrous pyramids with the least amount of superimposition

Answer 48

Towne | SMV

Question 49

What is the anchor bone for all 8cranial bones

Answer 49

Sphenoid

Question 50

When looking at a lateral skull what can be determined by looking at the sella turcica

Answer 50

Inter cranial air fluid levels Rotation Intercranial lesions Pituitary gland enlargement

Question 51

What is the degree between the OML and the IR for waters and modified waters

Answer 51

Waters 37° | Modified 55°

Question 52

What are the projections methods used to view zygomatic arches

Answer 52

SMV Tangential obl inferiosuperior projection Modified Towne

Question 53

Modified Towne enters where

Answer 53

1" above glabbella

Question 54

What's the area called in the midline above the supercilliary arch

Answer 54

Glabbella

Question 55

Reid's baseline is also called

Answer 55

IMOL