Skull

Question 1

two functional subdivisions of the skull

Answer 1

neurocranium and viscerocranium

Question 2

calvaria

Answer 2

dome like roof of neurocranium (skull)

Question 3

cranial base

Answer 3

floor of neurocranium

Question 4

eight bones that make up neurocranium

Answer 4

1. frontal (on midline)
2. ethmoid (on midline)
3. sphenoid (on midline)
4. occipital (on midline)
5. temporal (occur as bilateral pair)
6. parietal (occur as bilateral pair)

Question 5

15 bones of viscerocranium

Answer 5

1. mandible (singular on midline)
2. ethmoid (singular on midline)
3. Vomer (singular on midline)
4. maxillae (bilateral pair)
5. inferior nasal conchae (bilateral pair)
6. zygomatic (bilateral pair)
7. palatine (bilateral pair)
8. nasal (bilateral pair)
9. lacrimal (bilateral pair)

Question 6

how does bone development differ in viscerocranium than neurocranium?

Answer 6

• Viscerocranium: bones develop in mesenchyme of embryonic pharyngeal arches
• Neurocranium: bones develop via
  
  • intramembranous ossification of head mesenchyme from neural crest
  • endochondrial ossification of cartilage (chondrocranium)
  • or via more than one type of ossification

Question 7

orbitomeatal plane

Answer 7

anatomical position of the skull

when inferior margin of orbit and superior margin of external acoustic meatus lie in same horizontal plane

AKA frankfort plane

Question 8

what bones seen on superior view of skull?

Answer 8

frontal bone anteriorly, R and L parietal bones laterally, occipital bone posteriorly

Question 9

bregma

Answer 9

intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures

Question 10

lambda

Answer 10

intersection of lamboidal and sagittal sutures

Question 11

what do frontal and parietal eminences indicate?

Answer 11

represent initial site of ossification of frontal bone and parietal bones

Question 12

superior and inferior nuchal line

Answer 12

area of attachement for some neck and back muscles

Question 13

metopic suture

Answer 13

sometimes present

between right and left frontal bones

Question 14

what goes through zygomaticofacial foramen?

Answer 14

zygomaticofacial vessels and nerve

Question 15

name these in the orbit

Answer 15

A- frontal, B ethmoid, C lacrimal, D palatine, E maxilla, f zygomatic, g sphenoid greater wing, h sphenoid lesser wing

Question 16

what travels through supraorbital notch/foramen

Answer 16

supraorbital vessels and nerve

Question 17

what is the infraorbital foramen for?

Answer 17

infraorbital vessels and nerve travel through it

communicates posteriorly with infra orbital canal and groove

Question 18

What passes through superior orbital fissure

Answer 18

CN III, IV, VI, V1

Question 19

what passes through inferior orbital fissure

Answer 19

V2, infraorbital vessels

Question 20

what passes through optic canal

Answer 20

CN II, opthalmic artery

Question 21

what passes through anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 21

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery and veins

Question 22

location of injection for local anesthesia of premolar maxillary teeth

Answer 22

canine fossa

Question 23

what’s in anterior cranial fossa

Answer 23

frontal lobe

Question 24

what’s in middle cranial fossa

Answer 24

temporal lobes

Question 25

what's in posterior cranial fossa

Answer 25

cerebellum and brainstem

Question 26

which cranial fossa is the largest?

Answer 26

posterior cranial fossa is largest and deepest

Question 27

What bones make up anterior cranial fossa

Answer 27

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 28

What bones make up middle cranial fossa

Answer 28

sphenoid, temporal, parietal

Question 29

What bones make up posterior cranial fossa

Answer 29

temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 30

what 4 areas of skull seen from lateral view

Answer 30

cranial vault, facial, infratemporal, mandible

Question 31

what makes up cranial vault region

Answer 31

forehead and temporal region

Question 32

what makes up facial region

Answer 32

zygomatic, orbital, nasal regions

Question 33

describe temporal lines

Answer 33

* two curved lines that arch up and back from zygomatic process of frontal bone, travel across frontal bone and parietal bone then go down and forward on parietal bone to end on temporal bone * superior limit of curved origin of temporalis muscle

Question 34

pterion

Answer 34

H shaped junction of frontal, parietal, greater wing of sphenoid and temporal bones on lateral aspect of cranial vault

Question 35

on what bone does the external auditory meatus come out of?

Answer 35

temporal bone

Question 36

inion

Answer 36

AKA external occipital protuberance part of occipital bone that sticks out in the back

Question 37

what wraps around the styloid process?

Answer 37

tympanic plate wraps around it like a scroll