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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

(124 cards)

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1
Q

Name the paired bones of the cranium

A 
Parietal
Temporal 
Nasal
Lacrimal
Inferior Nasal Concha
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2
Q

Name the unpaired bones of the cranium

A 
Frontal 
Sphenoid
Occipital
Ethmoid
Vomer
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3
Q

How many bones in the cranium?

A

15

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4
Q

How many bones of the face?

A

7

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5
Q

Name the paired bones of the face

A

Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic

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6
Q

Name the unpaired bones of the face

A

Mandible

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7
Q

What is diploe?

A

Inner spongy portion of the flat bones

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8
Q

What are pneumatic bones?

A

Spongy bone partially replaced by cavities

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9
Q

What are the two types of pneumatic bones?

A

Paranasal sinuses

Mastoid air cells

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10
Q

In what bones are the paranasal sinuses present?

A

Maxilla
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal

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11
Q

What are mastoid air cells?

A

Air cavities in the mastoid process developing from the middle ear cavity

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12
Q

What are Wormian bones?

A

Small bits of bones located in some sutures

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13
Q

What’s another name for Wormian bones?

A

Sutural bones

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14
Q

What are the landmarks/structures that are part of the frontal bone?

A 
Superciliary arches
Glabella 
Supraorbital Foramen (notch)
Orbital Process
Frontal Sinus
Foramen Cecum
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15
Q

What are the landmarks/structures that are part of the parietal bones?

A

Superior Temporal Line

Inferior Temporal Line

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16
Q

What structures are associated with the landmarks of the parietal bones?

A

Temporal fascia is attached to the superior temporal line and the temporalis muscle is attached to the inferior temporal line

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17
Q

What are the divisions of the temporal bone?

A

Squamosal portion
Mastoid portion
Styloid process
Petrous portion

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18
Q

On what portion of the temporal bone would you find the inner ear?

A

Petrous portion

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19
Q

What is the name of the flat portion of the temporal bone?

A

Squamosal portion

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20
Q

What are the landmarks/structures of the temporal bone?

A 
Mastoid foramen 
Stylomastoid foramen 
Carotid Canal 
Jugular Canal 
Foramen lacerum
External Acoustic Meatus
Internal Acoustic Meatus
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21
Q

Of which bone is the mastoid foramen and what does it transmit?

A

Temporal bone

Emissary vein

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22
Q

Of which bone is the stylomastoid foramen and what does it transmit?

A 
Temporal bone
Facial nerve (CN VII)
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23
Q

Of which bone is the carotid canal and what does it transmit?

A

Temporal bone

Internal carotid artery

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24
Q

Of which bone is the jugular canal and what does it transmit?

A 
Temporal bone
Internal jugular vein
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Spinal accessory nerve
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25
Of which bone is the foramen lacerum and what does it transmit?
Temporal bone and generally is filled with cartilage
26
Of what bone is the external acoustic meatus and what does it transmit?
Temporal bone | Sound waves - opening of the external ear
27
Of what bone is the internal acoustic meatus and what does it transmit?
Temporal bone Facial nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve
28
What are the landmarks/structures associated with the occipital bone?
``` Foramen Magnum Occipital condyles External Occipital Protuberance Superior Nuchal Line Inferior Nuchal Line Condylar Canal Hypoglossal Canal Clivus Sulcus for Sigmoid Sinus Internal Occipital Protuberance Sulcus for Transverse Sinus ```
29
Of what bone is the foramen magnum associated and what does it transmit?
Occipital Bone Spinal cord Spinal Accessory Nerve Vertebral Artery
30
Of which bone are the occipital condyles?
Occipital bone
31
Of which bone is the external occipital protuberance?
Occipital bone
32
Of which bone is the condylar canal and what does it transmit?
Occipital bone | Emissary vein
33
Of which bone is the superior nuchal line and what is its approximate location?
Occipital bone | Extends laterally from the EOP
34
Of which bone is the inferior nuchal line and what is its approximate location?
Occipital bone | Extends laterally from inferior to the EOP about halfway between the EOP and the foramen magnum
35
Of which bone is the hypoglossal canal and what does it transmit?
``` Occipital bone Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) ```
36
Of which bone is the clivus; what is its approximate location and function?
Occipital bone Anterior to the foramen magnum Provides space for the pons
37
Of which bone is the sulcus of the sigmoid sinus; what is its approximate location and function?
Occipital bone Extends from jugular foramen of the temporal bone Transmits venous blood and allows exit through internal jugular vein
38
Of which bone is the internal occipital protuberance?
Occipital bone
39
Of which bone is the sulcus for the transverse sinus; what is its approximate location and function?
Occipital bone Inner, transverse sulcus approx at the level of the superior nuchal line The tentorium cerebri attaches to the margins
40
What are the divisions of the sphenoid?
Body Greater and Lesser wings Pterygoid Processes
41
What are the associated landmarks and structures of the body of the sphenoid?
Sella Turcica | Sphenoid Sinus
42
Of what bone is the sella turcica; what is its approximation location and its function?
Sphenoid Body of sphenoid Houses the pituitary gland
43
Of what bone is the sphenoid sinus and what is its approximate location?
Sphenoid bone | Located on the body of the sphenoid
44
What are the associated landmarks and structures of the greater wings of the sphenoid?
Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
45
Of what bone is the foramen rotundum; what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid Greater wings of sphenoid Transmits maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve Connects the middle cranial fossa and pterygopalatine fossa
46
Of what bone is the foramen ovale; what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid bone Greater wings of the sphenoid Transmits the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (and others)
47
Of what bone is the foramen spinosum; what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid Greater wings of sphenoid Transmits the middle meningeal artery
48
What are the associated landmarks and structures of the lesser wings of the sphenoid?
Optic Foramen (canal) Superior Orbital Fissure Anterior clinoid process Chiasmatic groove
49
Of what bone is the optic foramen (canal); what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid Lesser wings of the sphenoid Transmits optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries
50
Of what bone is the superior orbital fissure; what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid Lesser wings of the sphenoid Transmits the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and abducens nerve
51
Of which bone is the anterior clinoid process; what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid Lesser wings of the sphenoid Pointed projections extending over the sella turcica and is where dura attaches
52
Of what bone is the chiasmatic groove; what is its approximate location and function?
Sphenoid Lesser wings of the sphenoid Unites the 2 optic canal - formed by the optic chiasm
53
What are the associated landmarks and structures of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid?
``` Medial Pterygoid Plate (lamina) Hamulus Lateral Pterygoid Plate (lamina) Pterygomaxillary fissure Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygoid canal ```
54
Of what bone is the medial pterygoid plate (lamina); what is its approximate location?
Sphenoid bone | Medial aspect of the pterygoid processes
55
Of what bone is the hamulus; what is its approximate location?
Sphenoid | Hook on the end of the medial pterygoid plate
56
Of what bone is the lateral pterygoid plate; what is its approximate location?
Sphenoid bone | Lateral aspect of the pterygoid processes
57
Of what bone is the pterygomaxillary fissure; what is its approximate location?
Sphenoid and maxilla | Formed between the anterior surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the maxilla
58
Of what bone is the pterygopalatine fossa?
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
59
Of what bone is the pterygoid canal?
Pterygoid process of the sphenoid
60
What are the landmarks/structures associated with the palatine bone?
``` Perpendicular plate Orbital process Horizontal plate Greater palatine foramen Lesser palatine foramen ```
61
Of what bone is the greater palatine foramen and what does it transmit?
Palatine bone | Greater palatine NAV
62
Of what bone is the lesser palatine foramen and what does it transmit?
Palatine bone | Lesser palatine NAV
63
Describe the position of the vomer
Sits within the nasal cavity Upper anterior edge articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid Superior edge articulates with the sphenoid Inferior edge articulates with the maxillae and palatine bones
64
What are the landmarks/structures associated with the ethmoid bone?
``` Crista Galli Cribriform Plate Perpendicular Plate Lateral Masses Middle/Superior Nasal Conchae Ethmoid Air Cells ```
65
Of what bone is the Crista galli and what is its approximate function?
Ethmoid bone | Falx cerebri attaches (dura)
66
Of what bone is the cribriform plate and what is its approximate function?
``` Ethmoid Forms: Floor of anterior cranial fossa Narrow root of nasal cavity Foramina transmits olfactory nerve (CN I) ```
67
What are the ethmoid air cells and where are they found?
Numerous air spaces in the body of the lateral masses
68
What are the structures/landmarks associated with the maxilla?
``` Body Zygomatic Process Alveolar Process Palatine Process Incisive Foramen Infraorbital Foramen Orbital Plate Frontal Process Infraorbital Groove Inferior Orbital Fissure Anterior Lacrimal Crest Fossa of the Lacrimal Sac Nasolacrimal Canal ```
69
Of what bone is the alveolar process and what is its approximate function?
Maxilla | Contains the teeth sockets
70
What is the zygomatic process of the maxilla?
Portion of maxilla that extends upward to articulate with the zygomatic bone
71
Describe the palatine process of the maxilla
Forms majority of the hard palate
72
Which suture is formed when the left and right palatine processes connect?
Median Palatine Suture
73
Of what bone is the incisive foramen; what is its approximate location and what does it transmit?
Maxilla Midline between bones - where palatine Process blend with alveolar process Transmits Nasopalatine nerve
74
Of what bone is the infraorbital foramen; what does it transmit?
Maxilla | Infraorbital NAV
75
What portion of the orbit does the orbital plate from the maxilla form?
Large portion of the orbital floor
76
With which bone(s) does the frontal process of the maxilla articulate?
Lacrimal bone Frontal Bone Nasal bone Forms part of lateral wall of nasal cavity
77
Describe the infraorbital groove
On the floor of orbit and continuous with infraorbital foramen
78
Between which bones is the inferior orbital fissure?
Orbital plate of maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid
79
Describe the location of the anterior lacrimal crest of the maxilla
Ridge on posterior margin of the frontal process
80
Describe the location of the fossa for the lacrimal sac of the maxilla
Bounded by anterior and posterior lacrimal crests | Houses the lacrimal sac
81
Of which bone is the posterior lacrimal crest?
Lacrimal bone
82
Of which bone is the anterior lacrimal crest?
Maxilla
83
Of what bone is the nasolacrimal canal and what is its function?
Maxilla | Houses nasolacrimal duct
84
What are the landmarks/structures associated with the lacrimal bone?
Posterior Lacrimal Crest
85
Which bones articulate with the lacrimal bone?
Posterior - ethmoid Anterior/inferior - maxilla Superior - frontal
86
What are the associated landmarks/structures of the body of the mandible?
Alveolar Process Mental Foramen Mental spines (genial tubercles) Mylohyoid line
87
What is the function of the alveolar process of the mandible?
Holds roots of teeth
88
Of what bone is the mental foramen and what does it transmit?
Mandible | Mental NAV [nerve is branch of mandibular nerve (CN v3)]
89
Of what bone are the mental spines (genial tubercles); what are their approximate locations and function?
Mandible Anterior inner surface - approximately midline Attachment for geniohyoid, suprahyoid, genioglossus muscles
90
Of what bone is the mylohyoid line; what is its approximate location and function?
Mandible Anterior inner surface of mandible, extends laterally from mental spine Attachment for mylohyoid muscle
91
What are the landmarks/structures associated with the ramus of the mandible?
``` Angle Coronoid Process Condylar Process Mandibular Foramen Mandibular Notch LIngula ```
92
Describe the location of the angle of the ramus of the mandible
Where the body and ramus meet posteriorly
93
Describe the location and function of the coronoid processes of the mandible
Anterior triangular projection on superior ramus | Attachment site for temporal muscles
94
What is the location and function of the condylar processes of the mandible?
Posterior processes of mandibular ramus | Articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
95
Of which bone is the mandibular foramen and what does it transmit?
Mandible - medial surface of the ramus | Transmits inferior alveolar NAV
96
Describe the location of the mandibular notch
On superior ramus between the coronoid process and the condylar process
97
Of what bone is the lingula; what is its approximate location and function?
Mandible Ridge immediately anterior to mandibular foramen Attachment site for sphenomandibular ligament
98
Of what facial structure is the zygomatic bone?
Cheek bone
99
What landmarks/structures are associated with the zygomatic bone?
Orbital plate | Temporal process
100
Which part of the orbit is a contribution of the zygomatic process?
Lateral wall and part of the floor of the orbit
101
Of which bone is the temporal process?
Zygomatic bone
102
With what does the temporal process articulate?
Zygomatic process of the temporal gone forming zygomatic arch
103
List the bone of the nasal septum
Ethmoid | Vomer
104
List the bones of the lateral nasal wall
``` Ethmoid Inferior nasal conchae Maxilla Lacrimal Nasal Palatine Medial pterygoid process ```
105
List the bone of the orbit
``` Frontal Sphenoid Zygomatic Maxilla Ethmoid Lacrimal Palatine ```
106
List the bones of the hard palate
Palatine process of the maxilla | Horizontal process of the palatine
107
Which bones articulate to form the sagittal suture?
Parietal bones
108
Which bones articulate to form the coronal suture?
Frontal and parietal
109
Which bones articulate to to form the lambdoidal suture?
Parietal and occipital bone
110
What is the bregma of the skull?
Intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures
111
What replaces the bregma?
Anterior fontanelle
112
What is the lambda of the skull?
Intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures
113
What replaces the lambda?
Posterior fontanelle
114
What is the asterion of the skull?
Junction of temporal, parietal, and occipital bones
115
What replaces the asterion?
Posterolateral fontanelle (mastoid fontanelle)
116
Describe the area of the pterion
Area where the sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and frontal bones approach each other
117
What replaces the pterion?
Anterolateral fontanelle
118
What is the metopic (frontal) suture?
Present in the fetus but usually disappears in adult
119
What is the squamosal suture?
Articulation between temporal and parietal bone
120
Where are the cranial fossae located?
Inside floor of cranial cavity
121
Into how many levels is the cranial cavity divided?
Three: Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa
122
What divides the anterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoidal ridge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid
123
What bones compose the middle cranial fossa?
Greater wing and body of the sphenoid and the temporal bones
124
What separates the posterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa?
Superior ridge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (7 decks)

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