Skull And Vasculature Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What are the 2 parts of the skull?
A
Cranium
Facial skeleton
2
Q
True or False. Bones of the skull are only formed by endochondral ossification.
A
False. They are formed by BOTH intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
3
Q
These are membranous areas between bones of the skull that allow for growth in babies.
A
Fontanelles
4
Q
How many soft spots does a baby have? They are?
A
2- Anterior and posterior
5
Q
The anterior fontanelle separates which 2 bones?
A
Frontal
Parietals
6
Q
The posterior fontanelle separates which 2 bones?
A
Parietal
Occipital
7
Q
Which fontanelle closes FIRST?
A
Posterior
8
Q
These are fibrous joints between bones of the skull that ossify in adults.
A
Sutures
9
Q
How many sutures are there? They are?
A
3
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
10
Q
The coronal suture separates which bones?
A
Frontal
Parietals
11
Q
The sagittal suture separates which 2 bones?
A
Parietals
12
Q
The Lambdoid suture separates which 2 bones?
A
Parietals
Occipital
13
Q
This is the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures.
A
Bregma
14
Q
This is the intersection of the sagittal and Lambdoid sutures.
A
Lambda
15
Q
This is a disorder in which the sutures close prematurely.
A
Craniosynostosis
16
Q
This is another name for the skull-cap.
A
Calvaria
17
Q
The skull-cap is made of how many bones? They are?
A
4- frontal, 2 Parietals, occipital
18
Q
This is the site most prone to fractures on the skull. What is its function?
A
Pterion- frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet
19
Q
The zygomatic process is a feature of which bone? What does it articulate with?
A
Temporal
Zygomatic bone
20
Q
The external acoustic meatus is a feature of which bone?
A
Temporal
21
Q
The mastoid process is a feature of which bone?
A
Temporal
22
Q
The styloid process is a feature of which bone?
A
Temporal
23
Q
The foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes is called? What structures does it convey?
A
Stylomastoid foramen
CNVII/Facial
24
Q
The place where the mandible articulates with the skull is called? It’s a feature of which bone?
A
Mandibular fossa
Temporal
25
This hole conveys the internal carotid artery. What bone is it part of?
Carotid canal
| Temporal
26
The carotid canal conveys a vessel into which cranial fossa?
Middle cranial fossa
27
This hole conveys an important vein in the brain. What is it? What bone? Which vein?
Jugular foramen
Temporal
Internal jugular vein
28
The jugular foramen conveys which 4 important structures?
IJV
CNIX/glossopharyngeal
CNX/vagus
CNXI/accessory
29
This structure is a bony prominence superior to the nasal passage and in between the eyes. What bone is it part of?
Glabella
| Frontal
30
There are 6 bones that make up the face. They are?
2 nasal bones
2 maxillae bones
2 zygomatic bones
31
Which bone contains the upper teeth?
Maxilla
32
Which bone contains the lower teeth?
Mandible
33
This bony structure is the point where the chin juts out. What bone?
Mental protuberance
| Mandible
34
This hole is in the upper part of the eye socket. What is it? What bone? What does it convey?
Supra orbital foramen
Frontal
Supraorbital nerve and vessels
35
This hole is inferior to the eye socket and just medial to the nasal passage. What is it? What bone? What does it convey?
Infra orbital foramen
Maxilla
Infraorbital nerve and vessels
36
This hole is located on either side of the midline on the chin. What is it? Which bone? What does it convey?
Mental foramen
Mandible
Mental nerve and vessels
37
How does the skull articulate with the neck?
Via occipital condyles that articulate with superior articular facet of the atlas
38
What 3 structures travel through the foramen magnum?
Brainstem/spinal cord
CNXI/accessory
Vertebral arteries
39
The hard palate is made of which 2 bones?
Maxilla
| Palatine
40
How many cranial fossa are there? What are they?
3
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
41
What structure separates the anterior and middle cranial fossae?
Lesser wing of sphenoid
42
What structure separates the middle and posterior fossae?
Petrous ridge
43
What 3 bony structures are part of the anterior fossa?
Crista galli
Cribiform plate
Roof of orbit
44
Where does the falx celebri attach at the rostral end?
Crista galli
45
This is a ridge in the midline of the ethmoid bone
Crista galli
46
Where does CNI/olfactory nerve pass through toward the brain?
Cribiform plate
47
This is part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity.
Cribiform plate
48
Which 2 structures run through the optic canal?
Optic nerve
| Ophthalmic artery
49
Which 2 foramen connect the eye and brain?
Optic canal
| Superior orbital fissure
50
This bony structure contains the pituitary gland.
Hypophyseal fossa
51
Which structure runs through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary division of CNV/Trigeminal
52
What structure runs through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular division of CNV/Trigeminal
53
What structure runs through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
54
The internal acoustic meatus is in which fossa?
Posterior
55
What structure forms the inner ear canal?
Internal acoustic meatus
56
What structure runs through the hypoglossal canal?
CNXII/hypoglossal
57
What are the layers of the meninges going from most outside to inside?
Skull--> epidural space --> dura --> subdural space --> arachnoid --> subarachnoid space --> pia --> brain
58
Which is the thickest meninges?
Dura
59
Where is the CSF contained?
Subarachnoid space
60
Which artery is found between the dura and calvaria?
Middle meningeal artery
61
Which artery supplies the dura and calvaria?
Middle meningeal artery
62
Rupture of which vessel commonly causes epidural hematoma?
Middle meningeal artery
63
What is the flow of blood from the cerebral bridging veins to the internal jugular vein?
Cerebral --> superior sagittal --> confluence --> transverse --> sigmoid --> IJV
64
What is the flow of blood from the inferior sagittal sinus to the IJV?
Inferior sagittal --> straight --> confluence --> transverse --> sigmoid --> IJV
65
What is the flow of blood from the occipital sinus to the IJV?
Occipital --> confluence --> transverse --> sigmoid --> IJV
66
Which sinuses drain into the confluence?
Superior sagittal
Straight
Occipital
Transverse
67
Where does the CSF get reabsorbed back into the blood?
Arachnoid granulations
68
What structure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
69
The cerebral/bridging veins are located in which layer? What layers must they traverse before draining into the sinuses?
Subarachnoid space
| Arachnoid--> subdural space --> dura
70
What is the layer of dura between hemispheres?
Falx cerebri
71
What are the rostral and caudal attachment points of the falx cerebri?
Rostral- crista galli
| Caudal- straight sinus
72
What is the horizontal layer of dura separating the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
73
Where do the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli meet?
Straight sinus
74
What sinuses are located on either side of the hypophyseal fossa?
Cavernous sinuses
75
In which layer are the large arteries and veins?
Subarachnoid space
76
Which 2 arteries supply the brain?
ICA
| Vertebral
77
This artery branches off the ICA before it splits and travels dorsally. What structure does it follow?
Anterior choroidal artery
| Optic tract
78
This artery branches off the vertebral artery rostrally and travels ventrally along the spinal cord. What structure does it supply?
Anterior spinal artery
| Spinal cord
79
Go over arteries
Know all branches off ICA and vertebral arteries
80
Which 2 regions does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
Anteromedial cerebral hemisphere
| Anterosuperior lateral hemisphere
81
Which artery runs in the interhemispheric fissure?
Anterior cerebral artery
82
Which artery primarily supplies the lateral hemisphere?
Middle cerebral artery
83
Which artery runs in the lateral fissure?
Middle cerebral artery
84
Which 2 regions does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Medial and inferior temporal lobe
| Occipital lobe
85
Which artery supplies the medial temporal lobe?
Posterior cerebral
86
Which artery supplies the inferior temporal lobe?
Posterior cerebral
87
Which artery supplies the occipital lobe?
Posterior cerebral
88
Which arteries branch off the rostral tip of the basilar artery?
Posterior perforating arteries
89
Which arteries penetrate the brain in the interpeduncular fossa? Through which structure?
Posterior perforating arteries
| Posterior perforated substance
90
The posterior perforating arteries supply which 2 structures?
Midbrain
| Posterior thalamus
91
Which artery primarily supplies the superior cerebellum?
Superior cerebellar
92
Which artery supplies the lateral pons?
Anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)
93
Which artery supplies the anteroinferior cerebellum?
Anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)
94
Which artery supplies the lateral medulla?
Posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA)
95
Which artery supplies the posteroinferior cerebellum?
Posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA)
96
Which cranial nerve is the ONLY nerve to leave the brain stem dorsally?
CNIV- Trochlear
97
What 3 structures run through the internal acoustic meatus?
CNVII/Facial
CNVIII/Vestibulocochlear
Labrynthian artery
98
How many cranial nerves enter/exit via the superior orbital fissure? They are?
4- CNIII, CNIV, CNV (ophthalmic), CNVI
99
Name the foramen from rostral to caudal
Cribiform plate --> optic canal --> superior orbital fissure --> foramen rotundum --> foramen ovale --> foramen spinosum--> internal acoustic meatus --> jugular foramen --> hypoglossal canal
