Topography Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Pyramids?
A
Ventral medulla
2
Q
These are paired structures on either side of the anterior/ventral median fissure
A
Pyramids
3
Q
Anterior/ventral median fissure?
A
Ventral medulla
4
Q
This divides the ventral medulla in half vertically.
A
Anterior/ventral median fissure
5
Q
The anterior/ventral median fissure runs caudally and becomes what?
A
Pyramidal decussation
6
Q
Pyramidal decussation?
A
Ventral medulla
7
Q
Inferior olive?
A
Ventral medulla
8
Q
What structure is found lateral to the medullary pyramids?
A
Inferior olive
9
Q
Post-olivary sulcus?
A
Ventral medulla
10
Q
Pre-olivary sulcus?
A
Ventral medulla
11
Q
What two structures run in the post-olivary sulcus?
A
CNIX/Glossopharyngeal
CNX/Vagus
12
Q
What structure runs in the pre-olivary sulcus?
A
CNXII/Hypoglossal
13
Q
Which 4 structures run in the medullary-pons junction from medial to lateral?
A
CNVI/abducens
CNVII motor root
CNVII intermediate n
CNVIII/vestibulocochlear
14
Q
Basal pons?
A
Ventral pons
15
Q
Middle cerebellar peduncles?
A
Ventral pons
16
Q
What structure connects the pons to the cerebellum?
A
Middle cerebellar peduncle
17
Q
What structure runs through the middle cerebellar peduncle?
A
CNV/Trigeminal
18
Q
Cerebral peduncles?
A
Ventral midbrain
19
Q
Interpeduncular fossa?
A
Ventral midbrain
20
Q
What structure connects the cerebral cortex to Brainstem?
A
Cerebral peduncles
21
Q
What structure runs in the interpeduncular fossa?
A
CNIII/Occulomotor
22
Q
Mammillary bodies?
A
Ventral diencephalon
23
Q
Infundibulum?
A
Ventral diencephalon
24
Q
Tuber cinereum?
A
Ventral diencephalon
25
Optic chiasm?
Ventral diencephalon
26
What paired structures are located posterior to the hypothalamus?
Mammillary bodies
27
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
28
This structure is located between the mammillary bodies and Infundibulum and contains the median eminence.
Tuber cinereum
29
Where do the optic nerves meet?
Optic chiasm
30
What are the optic tracts?
Optic nerves --> optic chiasm --> optic tracts
31
Vermis?
Cerebellum
32
Folia?
Cerebellum
33
Posterolateral fissure?
Cerebellum
34
Flocculus?
Cerebellum
35
Cerebellar tonsil?
Cerebellum
36
This is the midline structure of the cerebellum?
Vermis
37
Transverse folds of the cerebellum.
Folia
38
The Posterolateral fissure separates what?
Flocculus
| Posterior lobe
39
What structure is located between the ventral pons and cerebellum?
Flocculus
40
This is the most inferior region of the cerebellum and superior to the foramen magnum.
Cerebellar tonsil
41
Gracile tubercle?
Dorsal medulla/pons
42
Cuneate tubercle?
Dorsal pons/medulla
43
Inferior cerebellar peduncle?
Dorsal medulla/pons
44
4th ventricle?
Dorsal pons/medulla
45
Striae medullaris?
Dorsal medulla/pons
46
Obex?
Dorsal medulla/pons
47
Sulcus limitans?
Dorsal medulla/pons
48
Hypoglossal trigone?
Dorsal medulla/pons
49
Vagal trigone?
Dorsal pons/medulla
50
Facial colliculus?
Dorsal pons/medulla
51
Vestibular area?
Dorsal pons/medulla
52
This structure is the most superior region of the dorsal columns and is immediately lateral to the midline.
Gracile tubercle
53
This structure is the superior most part of the dorsal columns and is further lateral to the midline.
Cuneate tubercle
54
What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
55
The 4th ventricle is located between which 2 structures?
Dorsal Brainstem
| Cerebellum
56
What structure marks the division between the medulla and pons?
Striae medullares
57
What is the most caudal point of the 4th ventricle?
Obex
58
This divides the motor and sensory regions of the dorsal medulla/pons. Which is more medial? Lateral?
Sulcus limitans
Medial- motor
Lateral- sensory
59
Which of the nuclei is most superior on the dorsal medulla/pons? Which is inferior?
Facial colliculus
Hypoglossal trigone
Vagal trigone
60
This region is lateral to the facial colliculus.
Vestibular area
61
Corpora quadrigemina?
Dorsal midbrain
62
What makes up the corpora quadrigemina?
2 superior colliculi
| 2 inferior colliculi
63
What does the superior brachium connect?
Superior colliculus to lateral geniculate body
64
What does the inferior brachium connect?
Inferior colliculi to the medial geniculate body
65
Medial and lateral geniculate bodies?
Dorsal midbrain
66
Superior and inferior brachium?
Dorsal midbrain
67
What structure is located immediately superior to the superior colliculus?
Pineal gland
68
Pineal gland?
Dorsal midbrain
69
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
70
The lateral fissure separates which lobes?
Temporal from frontal and parietal
71
Opening the lateral fissure reveals which region?
Insula
72
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
Frontal
| Parietal
73
What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
| ONLY MEDIALLY
74
What is found rostral to the central gyrus?
Pre central gyrus
75
What makes up the primary motor cortex?
Pre central gyrus
76
What is immediately rostral to the pre central gyrus?
Pre central sulcus
77
What is caudal to the central sulcus?
Post central gyrus
78
What forms the primary somatosensory cortex?
Post central gyrus
79
What is immediately caudal to the postcentral gyrus?
Postcentral sulcus
80
From medial to lateral, what are the 3 gyri of the frontal lobe?
Superior frontal
Middle frontal
Inferior frontal
81
How many parts is the inferior frontal gyri divided into? They are?
3- opercular, triangular, orbital
82
What region is known as Broca's area? What is the function?
Opercular gyrus
| Motor language
83
This region is directly lateral to the midline interhemispheric fissure on the ventral frontal lobe.
Straight gyrus
84
From the interhemispheric fissure on the ventral frontal lobe what are the structures medial --> lateral?
Interhemispheric fissure --> straight gyrus --> olfactory sulcus --> orbital frontal gyrus
85
What structure runs within the olfactory sulcus?
Olfactory tract and bulb
86
Which region is immediately caudal to the lateral fissure?
Angular gyrus
87
What is the angular gyrus also known as? What is its function?
Wernecke's area
| Language
88
Supra marginal gyrus is part of which lobe?
Temporal
89
Which 2 regions are hidden in the lateral fissure?
Transverse gyri of Heschl
| Insula
90
Which region serves as the primary auditory cortex?
Transverse gyri of Heschl
91
The insula function?
Visceral functions
92
This is the most medial gyrus on the ventral aspect of the temporal lobe.
Parahippocampal gyrus
93
This separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the rest of the temporal lobe.
Collateral sulcus
94
Going from medial to lateral, what are the structures on the ventral temporal lobe?
Hippocampal sulcus--> Parahippocampal gyrus --> collateral sulcus
95
This is a swelling of the rostral end of the parahippocampal gyrus?
Uncus
96
How many parts does the corpus callosum have? They are?
4- rostrum, genu, body, splenium
97
This is immediately dorsal to the corpus callosum?
Cingulate gyrus
98
This is immediately ventral to the corpus callosum?
Subcallosal region
99
This sulcus runs in the occipital lobe and merges with the parietal-occipital sulcus.
Calcarine sulcus
100
This separates the lateral ventricles.
Septum pellucidum
101
What forms the floor of the lateral ventricle?
Thalamus
102
What forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?
Caudate nucleus
103
This is a C-shaped tract between hippocampus and hypothalamus.
Fornix
104
This is rostral to rostrum of corpus callosum and connects temporal lobes.
Anterior commissure
105
This connects the two lobes of the thalami
Thalamic adhesion/masa intermedia
106
What is the flow of CSF?
Choroid plexus--> lateral ventricles--> foramen of Monroe--> 3rd ventricle-->cerebral aqueduct--> 4th ventricle
107
This connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
Superior cerebellar peduncle
108
The lateral geniculate body is important in what?
Head/eye coordination
109
This separates anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum
Primary fissure
110
This is the most anterior part of the vermis
Nodulus
111
What are the regions of the Brainstem?
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
112
Swellings cover? Ridges cover?
Swellings- nuclei
| Ridges- tracts
113
What produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
114
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1-L2
115
The very last point of the spinal cord is called?
Conus medullares
116
The continuation of the pia past the end of the spinal cord is what?
Filum terminale interna
117
The cauda equina consists of what nerve roots?
Lumbar and sacral
118
In between which brain layers are the venous sinuses?
Layers of the dura
119
True or False. White matter increases as you move down the spinal cord.
False- white matter decreases down the spinal cord
120
At what point along the spinal cord is the gray matter the most?
Cervical and lumbar enlargements
121
The dorsal columns are located in which tract?
Dorsal funiculus
122
The dorsal tract of the spinal cord is ascending or descending? What is the function?
Ascending
| Sensory
123
The gray matter of the spinal cord divides it into 3 parts. They are?
Dorsal funiculus
Lateral funiculus
Ventral funiculus
124
The dorsal columns terminate into which 2 structures rostrally?
Cuneate tubercle
| Gracile tubercle
125
What structure runs in the anterior median sulcus of the spinal cord?
Anterior spinal artery
126
What structures form the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
127
The epithalamus contains which structure?
Pineal gland
