Skull & Cranial Cavity Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
How many bones in the skull?
A
22
2
Q
“skull cap”
A
Calvaria
3
Q
Upper part of the skull is called
A
Neurocranium
4
Q
Lower part of the skull is called
A
Viscerocranium
5
Q
This part of the skull consist of the cranial cavity and calvaria
A
Neurocranium
6
Q
“facial skeleton”
A
Viscerocranium
7
Q
Lateral separation point between neurocranium and viscerocranium
A
External auditory meatus
8
Q
The nasal bones are within the ______cranium
A
viscerocranium
9
Q
The calvaria consists of what 4 bones? (2 paired & 2 unpaired)
A
Frontal bone
2 parietal bones
2 temporal bones
Occipital bone
10
Q
Where does the upper trapezius connect to the occipital bone?
A
Superior nuchal line
*Nuchal means “neck”
11
Q
What’s the name of the little bump that you can feel medially near the bottom of the occipital bone?
A
External occipital protuberance
12
Q
The cranial bones are separated by _________ sutures
A
fibrous sutures
13
Q
What is it called when your fibrous sutures of the cranium become ossified w/ advancing age?
A
Synostosis
*kinda sounds like “stasis”
14
Q
What does squamous mean (regarding the bones)
A
“flat”
15
Q
The suture that divides the frontal and parietal bones
A
Coronal suture
16
Q
The suture that divides the 2 parietal bones
A
Sagittal suture
17
Q
The suture that divides the parietal bones from the occipital bone
A
Lambdoid suture
18
Q
The suture that divides the parietal bone from the squamous portion of the temporal bone
A
Squamous suture
19
Q
The name of the suture that divides the frontal bone sagittally in infants. (fuses together at 3-9 months of age)
A
Metopic suture
20
Q
Unossified gaps between bones
A
Fontanelles
21
Q
Name the 4 fontanelles in infants
A
Anterior
Posterior
Anterolateral
Posterolateral
22
Q
Which is significantly smaller in infants vs adults? (neurocranium or viscerocranium)
A
Viscerocranium
23
Q
Why do infants have a higher prevalence of otitis media?
A
Their eustachian tubes are positioned more horizontally
24
Q
________ bones lie within sutures
A
Wormian
25
Wormian bones are typically found in the _______ suture
Lambdoid suture
26
Wormian bones may occur normally or in some diseases, such as ___________ __________, ________ _________, and _________
Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
Genu varus (bow legs)
Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency)
27
AKA "brittle bone disease"
Osteogenesis imperfecta
28
Present w/ robin's egg blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta
29
Disease causing bow legs
Genu varus
30
Disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
31
Wormian bone disease resulting in a small or absent clavicle
Cleidocranial dysostosis
32
Wormian bones also occur in pts w/ _________ syndrome
Down syndrome
33
Name the 3 layers/zones of the neurocranium
Superficial (outer table)
Intermediate (cancellous bone)
Deep (inner table)
34
Which layer of the neurocranium is compact and dense?
Superficial (outer table)
35
Which layer of the neurocranium houses and protects red bone marrow and venous pathways?
Intermediate (cancellous bone)
AKA diploe
36
Which layer of the neurocranium is compact, dense, but brittle?
Deep (inner table)
37
This layer of the neurocranium is also called the diploe
Intermediate layer
38
Which layer of bone is closest to the dura matter?
Deep (inner table)
39
What veins run with the diploic bone?
Diploic veins
40
Name the 4 diploic veins
Frontal diploic vein
Anterior temporal diploic vein
Posterior temporal diploic vein
Occipital diploic vein
41
AKA venous network of "anastomotic channels"
Diploic veins
42
What 2 things do the diploic veins drain?
Scalp
Neurocranium
43
Where do the diploic veins terminate?
Dural Venous Sinuses
*these are the structures alex was emphasizing
44
Venous channels formed from dura matter
Dural Venous Sinuses
45
What veins "pierce the skull" and carry scalp & diploic venous drainage into the dural venous sinuses?
Emissary veins
46
What makes the emissary veins dangerous?
They are valveless and can lead to spread of infection from scalp to the meninges and/or brain
Meninges (dura/arachnoid/pia matter)
47
Encephalitis is inflammation of the ______
brain
48
What bone makes the roof of the orbit?
Frontal bone
49
What 2 bones make up the medial wall of the orbit (be specific)
Lacrimal bone
Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
50
What bone makes up the lateral wall of the orbit?
Zygomatic bone
51
What bone makes up the floor of the orbit?
Maxilla
52
What bone makes up the apex of the orbit? (be specific)
*the apex of the orbit is the posterior wall
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
53
What 3 openings does the apex of the orbit contain?
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
54
What runs through the optic canal?
Optic nerve (CN II)
Ophthalmic artery
*this is pretty explanatory. The nerve and artery that feeds the eye. Obvious those are gonna run through the optic canal
55
The tip of what bone can be found on the medial wall of the orbit? (be specific)
perpendicular plate of palatine bone
56
What runs through the inferior orbital fissure?
Infraorbital v.
Infraorbital n.
57
What does the infraorbital n. run along after it passes through the inferior orbital fissure?
Infraorbital groove
58
What opening is on the medial wall of the orbit?
(think about this, we know this)
Nasolacrimal canal
59
What runs through the nasolacrimal canal and where does it terminate?
Nasolacrimal duct
Inferior nasal meatus
60
Point at where the parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet?
Pterion
61
Why does it suck that the pterion is a weak spot?
The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery runs just deep to the pterion
62
What runs just deep to the pterion?
Anterior branch of the middle meningeal a.
63
What artery does the middle meningeal a. branch from?
Maxillary a.
64
What does a skull fracture at the pterion cause?
Epidural hematoma
65
What most commonly causes an epidural hematoma from trauma?
Skull fracture at the pterion, causing tear in the anterior branch of the middle meningeal a.
66
What 2 structures does the middle meningeal a. run between?
Inner table bone layer & dura matter
67
With a skull fracture, you should be worried about what?
Epidural hematoma
*tear in the middle meningeal a.
68
AKA the floor of the cranial cavity
Cranial vault
69
What bone forms the orbital plates that cover the orbit and also contains the cerebral cortex?
Frontal bone
70
What bone of the cranial vault contains the brainstem, cerebellum, and foramen magnum?
Occipital bone
71
What bone helps form the mid-floor of the cranial vault?
Sphenoid bone
72
The 2 lesser wings of the sphenoid bone make the 2 _______ ________ _________
Anterior clinoid processes
73
What structure houses the pituitary gland?
Hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid body
74
What structure makes the 2 posterior clinoid processes?
Dorsum sellae
75
The dorsum sellae makes the 2 ________ ________ __________
Posterior clinoid processes
76
What 4 structures make turk's saddle?
Hypophyseal fossa
posterior clinoid processes
dorsum sellae
tuberculum sellae
77
Where do the muscles that move the mandible attach to the sphenoid?
The pterygoid plates
78
What structure does the tensor veli palantini hook around?
The Hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate (of the sphenoid bone)
79
Big hole in the floor of the occipital bone
Foramen magnum
80
What part of the occipital bone is directly posterior to the sphenoid bone?
Basilar part
*think how the basilar a. runs on the circle of willis
81
The dip in the basilar part of the occipital bone
Clivus
82
What is the inferior surface of the occipital bone called
Cranium
83
Round bilateral impressions protruding externally from the bottom of the occipital bone that are positioned just laterally from the foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
84
What are the 2 "portions" of the temporal bone?
Squamous portion (flat part)
Zygomatic portion (connects to the zygomatic bone)
85
What are the 2 processes off of the temporal bone?
Styloid process
Mastoid process
86
What is the fossa medial to the ramus of the mandible?
Infratemporal fossa
87
Which part of the temporal bone houses the inner ear?
Petrous part
88
What's the technical name for "inner ear"
Labyrinth
89
What part of the inner ear controls hearing?
cochlea
90
What part of the inner ear controls static positioning?
vestibule
91
What parts of the inner ear control balance and equilibrium?
3 semicircular canals
92
What 2 nerves run through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial n. (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)
93
Which cranial fossa houses the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Anterior cranial fossa
94
Which cranial fossa houses the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Middle cranial fossa
95
Which cranial fossa houses the cerebellum and brain stem?
Posterior cranial fossa
96
What 3 bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
Occipital bone
parietal bone
petrous part of temporal bone
97
What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
Greater wing & body of sphenoid
Petrous & squamous part of temporal
98
What bone structures make up the anterior cranial fossa (be specific, there's a lot)
2 lesser wings & anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid bone
Frontal bone & 2 orbital plates
2 cribriform plates & crista galli of ethmoid bone
99
Where does the mandible articulate w/ the cranium?
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
*mandible articulates w/ the temporal bone
100
What muscles causes protrusion of the mandible?
lateral & medial pterygoid muscles
101
What muscles cause retraction of the mandible?
temporalis m.
masseter m.
geniohyoid m.
digastric m.
102
What muscles cause elevation of the mandible?
temporalis m.
masseter m.
medial pterygoid m.
103
What muscles cause depression of the mandible?
digastric m.
geniohyoid m.
mylohyoid m.
*gravity
104
What part of the mandible connects to the TMJ
Mandibular condyle process
105
What's the vertical portion of the mandible called?
ramus
106
What's the name of the bilateral holes on the mandible?
Mental foramen
107
What nerve exits through the mental foramen?
Mental nerve
108
Inferior alveolar n. terminates as what nerve?
Mental n.
109
The inferior alveolar n. is a branch of what CN?
CN V (trigeminal n.)
110
Name the 5 layers of the scalp
S - skin
C - connective tissue
A - aponeurosis
L - loose connective tissue
P - pericranium
111
To which layer of the scalp does the frontalis m. & occipitalis m. attach?
Aponeurosis layer
