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AFN Anatomy Exam II Review > Skull & Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Skull & Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the skull?

A

22

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2
Q

“skull cap”

A

Calvaria

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3
Q

Upper part of the skull is called

A

Neurocranium

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4
Q

Lower part of the skull is called

A

Viscerocranium

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5
Q

This part of the skull consist of the cranial cavity and calvaria

A

Neurocranium

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6
Q

“facial skeleton”

A

Viscerocranium

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7
Q

Lateral separation point between neurocranium and viscerocranium

A

External auditory meatus

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8
Q

The nasal bones are within the ______cranium

A

viscerocranium

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9
Q

The calvaria consists of what 4 bones? (2 paired & 2 unpaired)

A

Frontal bone

2 parietal bones

2 temporal bones

Occipital bone

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10
Q

Where does the upper trapezius connect to the occipital bone?

A

Superior nuchal line

*Nuchal means “neck”

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11
Q

What’s the name of the little bump that you can feel medially near the bottom of the occipital bone?

A

External occipital protuberance

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12
Q

The cranial bones are separated by _________ sutures

A

fibrous sutures

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13
Q

What is it called when your fibrous sutures of the cranium become ossified w/ advancing age?

A

Synostosis

*kinda sounds like “stasis”

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14
Q

What does squamous mean (regarding the bones)

A

“flat”

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15
Q

The suture that divides the frontal and parietal bones

A

Coronal suture

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16
Q

The suture that divides the 2 parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

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17
Q

The suture that divides the parietal bones from the occipital bone

A

Lambdoid suture

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18
Q

The suture that divides the parietal bone from the squamous portion of the temporal bone

A

Squamous suture

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19
Q

The name of the suture that divides the frontal bone sagittally in infants. (fuses together at 3-9 months of age)

A

Metopic suture

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20
Q

Unossified gaps between bones

A

Fontanelles

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21
Q

Name the 4 fontanelles in infants

A

Anterior

Posterior

Anterolateral

Posterolateral

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22
Q

Which is significantly smaller in infants vs adults? (neurocranium or viscerocranium)

A

Viscerocranium

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23
Q

Why do infants have a higher prevalence of otitis media?

A

Their eustachian tubes are positioned more horizontally

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24
Q

________ bones lie within sutures

A

Wormian

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25
Q

Wormian bones are typically found in the _______ suture

A

Lambdoid suture

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26
Q

Wormian bones may occur normally or in some diseases, such as ___________ __________, ________ _________, and _________

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

Genu varus (bow legs)

Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency)

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27
Q

AKA “brittle bone disease”

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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28
Q

Present w/ robin’s egg blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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29
Q

Disease causing bow legs

A

Genu varus

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30
Q

Disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets

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31
Q

Wormian bone disease resulting in a small or absent clavicle

A

Cleidocranial dysostosis

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32
Q

Wormian bones also occur in pts w/ _________ syndrome

A

Down syndrome

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33
Q

Name the 3 layers/zones of the neurocranium

A

Superficial (outer table)

Intermediate (cancellous bone)

Deep (inner table)

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34
Q

Which layer of the neurocranium is compact and dense?

A

Superficial (outer table)

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35
Q

Which layer of the neurocranium houses and protects red bone marrow and venous pathways?

A

Intermediate (cancellous bone)

AKA diploe

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36
Q

Which layer of the neurocranium is compact, dense, but brittle?

A

Deep (inner table)

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37
Q

This layer of the neurocranium is also called the diploe

A

Intermediate layer

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38
Q

Which layer of bone is closest to the dura matter?

A

Deep (inner table)

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39
Q

What veins run with the diploic bone?

A

Diploic veins

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40
Q

Name the 4 diploic veins

A

Frontal diploic vein

Anterior temporal diploic vein

Posterior temporal diploic vein

Occipital diploic vein

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41
Q

AKA venous network of “anastomotic channels”

A

Diploic veins

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42
Q

What 2 things do the diploic veins drain?

A

Scalp

Neurocranium

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43
Q

Where do the diploic veins terminate?

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

*these are the structures alex was emphasizing

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44
Q

Venous channels formed from dura matter

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

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45
Q

What veins “pierce the skull” and carry scalp & diploic venous drainage into the dural venous sinuses?

A

Emissary veins

46
Q

What makes the emissary veins dangerous?

A

They are valveless and can lead to spread of infection from scalp to the meninges and/or brain

Meninges (dura/arachnoid/pia matter)

47
Q

Encephalitis is inflammation of the ______

A

brain

48
Q

What bone makes the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone

49
Q

What 2 bones make up the medial wall of the orbit (be specific)

A

Lacrimal bone

Orbital plate of ethmoid bone

50
Q

What bone makes up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic bone

51
Q

What bone makes up the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

52
Q

What bone makes up the apex of the orbit? (be specific)

*the apex of the orbit is the posterior wall

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

53
Q

What 3 openings does the apex of the orbit contain?

A

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

54
Q

What runs through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve (CN II)

Ophthalmic artery

*this is pretty explanatory. The nerve and artery that feeds the eye. Obvious those are gonna run through the optic canal

55
Q

The tip of what bone can be found on the medial wall of the orbit? (be specific)

A

perpendicular plate of palatine bone

56
Q

What runs through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Infraorbital v.

Infraorbital n.

57
Q

What does the infraorbital n. run along after it passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Infraorbital groove

58
Q

What opening is on the medial wall of the orbit?

(think about this, we know this)

A

Nasolacrimal canal

59
Q

What runs through the nasolacrimal canal and where does it terminate?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

Inferior nasal meatus

60
Q

Point at where the parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet?

A

Pterion

61
Q

Why does it suck that the pterion is a weak spot?

A

The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery runs just deep to the pterion

62
Q

What runs just deep to the pterion?

A

Anterior branch of the middle meningeal a.

63
Q

What artery does the middle meningeal a. branch from?

A

Maxillary a.

64
Q

What does a skull fracture at the pterion cause?

A

Epidural hematoma

65
Q

What most commonly causes an epidural hematoma from trauma?

A

Skull fracture at the pterion, causing tear in the anterior branch of the middle meningeal a.

66
Q

What 2 structures does the middle meningeal a. run between?

A

Inner table bone layer & dura matter

67
Q

With a skull fracture, you should be worried about what?

A

Epidural hematoma

*tear in the middle meningeal a.

68
Q

AKA the floor of the cranial cavity

A

Cranial vault

69
Q

What bone forms the orbital plates that cover the orbit and also contains the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal bone

70
Q

What bone of the cranial vault contains the brainstem, cerebellum, and foramen magnum?

A

Occipital bone

71
Q

What bone helps form the mid-floor of the cranial vault?

A

Sphenoid bone

72
Q

The 2 lesser wings of the sphenoid bone make the 2 _______ ________ _________

A

Anterior clinoid processes

73
Q

What structure houses the pituitary gland?

A

Hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid body

74
Q

What structure makes the 2 posterior clinoid processes?

A

Dorsum sellae

75
Q

The dorsum sellae makes the 2 ________ ________ __________

A

Posterior clinoid processes

76
Q

What 4 structures make turk’s saddle?

A

Hypophyseal fossa

posterior clinoid processes

dorsum sellae

tuberculum sellae

77
Q

Where do the muscles that move the mandible attach to the sphenoid?

A

The pterygoid plates

78
Q

What structure does the tensor veli palantini hook around?

A

The Hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate (of the sphenoid bone)

79
Q

Big hole in the floor of the occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum

80
Q

What part of the occipital bone is directly posterior to the sphenoid bone?

A

Basilar part

*think how the basilar a. runs on the circle of willis

81
Q

The dip in the basilar part of the occipital bone

A

Clivus

82
Q

What is the inferior surface of the occipital bone called

A

Cranium

83
Q

Round bilateral impressions protruding externally from the bottom of the occipital bone that are positioned just laterally from the foramen magnum

A

Occipital condyles

84
Q

What are the 2 “portions” of the temporal bone?

A

Squamous portion (flat part)

Zygomatic portion (connects to the zygomatic bone)

85
Q

What are the 2 processes off of the temporal bone?

A

Styloid process

Mastoid process

86
Q

What is the fossa medial to the ramus of the mandible?

A

Infratemporal fossa

87
Q

Which part of the temporal bone houses the inner ear?

A

Petrous part

88
Q

What’s the technical name for “inner ear”

A

Labyrinth

89
Q

What part of the inner ear controls hearing?

A

cochlea

90
Q

What part of the inner ear controls static positioning?

A

vestibule

91
Q

What parts of the inner ear control balance and equilibrium?

A

3 semicircular canals

92
Q

What 2 nerves run through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)

93
Q

Which cranial fossa houses the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

94
Q

Which cranial fossa houses the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Middle cranial fossa

95
Q

Which cranial fossa houses the cerebellum and brain stem?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

96
Q

What 3 bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Occipital bone

parietal bone

petrous part of temporal bone

97
Q

What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Greater wing & body of sphenoid

Petrous & squamous part of temporal

98
Q

What bone structures make up the anterior cranial fossa (be specific, there’s a lot)

A

2 lesser wings & anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid bone

Frontal bone & 2 orbital plates

2 cribriform plates & crista galli of ethmoid bone

99
Q

Where does the mandible articulate w/ the cranium?

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

*mandible articulates w/ the temporal bone

100
Q

What muscles causes protrusion of the mandible?

A

lateral & medial pterygoid muscles

101
Q

What muscles cause retraction of the mandible?

A

temporalis m.

masseter m.

geniohyoid m.

digastric m.

102
Q

What muscles cause elevation of the mandible?

A

temporalis m.

masseter m.

medial pterygoid m.

103
Q

What muscles cause depression of the mandible?

A

digastric m.

geniohyoid m.

mylohyoid m.

*gravity

104
Q

What part of the mandible connects to the TMJ

A

Mandibular condyle process

105
Q

What’s the vertical portion of the mandible called?

A

ramus

106
Q

What’s the name of the bilateral holes on the mandible?

A

Mental foramen

107
Q

What nerve exits through the mental foramen?

A

Mental nerve

108
Q

Inferior alveolar n. terminates as what nerve?

A

Mental n.

109
Q

The inferior alveolar n. is a branch of what CN?

A

CN V (trigeminal n.)

110
Q

Name the 5 layers of the scalp

A

S - skin
C - connective tissue
A - aponeurosis
L - loose connective tissue
P - pericranium

111
Q

To which layer of the scalp does the frontalis m. & occipitalis m. attach?

A

Aponeurosis layer

AFN Anatomy Exam II Review (13 decks)

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