Skull/Development of Neck/Cranial Fossa & Suboccipital Region

Question 1

Fontanelle

Answer 1

Fibrous sutures where several bones meet

Question 2

Anterior Fontanelle

Answer 2

Closes around 18-24 months

Question 3

Posterior Fontanelle

Answer 3

Closes around 9 months

Question 4

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Answer 4

Appear in midline above, wrapped around, or below hyoid
Move up/down when swallowing & protruding the tongue (interfering w/ swallowing)
Infected during childhood -> surgical removal is recommended

Question 5

Cleft Lip

Answer 5

When medial nasal process fails to fuse w/ the maxillary process

Question 6

Dura Mater

Answer 6

Tough connective tissue that supports and protects brain

Divide into 2 layers - outer endosteal & meningeal

Question 7

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 7

Serves as fluid barrier

Filled with CSF

Question 8

Pia Mater

Answer 8

Covers brain’s surface

Question 9

Extradural/Epidural Space

Answer 9

Superficial to dura mater

Question 10

Subdural Space

Answer 10

Between due and fluid impermeable layer of arachnoid mater

Question 11

Subarachnoid Space

Answer 11

Filled w/ CSF

Question 12

Epidural Hemorrhage

Answer 12

Accumulation of blood can compress brain between dura mater & bone
Caused by skull fracture

Question 13

Progression of Epidural Hemorrhage

Answer 13

To herniation or death w/o surgery

Question 14

Subdural Hemorrhage

Answer 14

Blood accumulation between dura & arachnoid mater

Occurs from relatively minor trauma

Question 15

Subdural Hemorrhage Characteristics

Answer 15

Acute or chronic spending on pressure of the vessel torn

Children & aged adults w/ brain atrophy at greatest risk

Question 16

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Answer 16

Rupture of aneurysm

Produces blood w/in CSF & spinal tap will be bloody

Question 17

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Symptoms

Answer 17

Severe headache
Stiff neck
Loss of consciousness

Question 18

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Answer 18

Often from hypertension & results in paralytic strokes

Question 19

Venous Sinuses of Dura Mater

Answer 19

Between 2 layers of dura

Carry blood from brain

Question 20

Arachnoid VIlli

Answer 20

Main site of CSF passage into venous blood

Question 21

CSF

Answer 21

Mechanical & protective support of brain

Serves as ion sink for brain excitability

Question 22

Flow of CSF

Answer 22

Produces in choroid plexuses w/ lateral, third, & fourth ventricles → Interventricular foramina → Third ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct → Fourth ventricle → Median or lateral apertures → Absorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid villi

Question 23

Blood to brain comes from

Answer 23

Internal carotid

Vertebral arteries

Question 24

Tension-type headache

Answer 24

Episodic & chronic

Question 25

Miscellaneous headaches unassociated with lesion

Answer 25

Ice cream | Sex

Question 26

Head trauma associated headache

Answer 26

Acute & Chronic posttraumatic headache

Question 27

Headache w/ vascular disorder

Answer 27

Stroke | Sub-epidural hematoma

Question 28

Headache w/ nonvascular disorder

Answer 28

High & low CSF pressure

Question 29

Headache w/ acute substance use/withdrawal

Answer 29

Caffeine MSG Nitrate/nitrite

Question 30

Headache w/ noncephalic infection

Answer 30

Systemic viral

Question 31

Metabolic disorder headaches

Answer 31

High altitude | Hypoglycemia

Question 32

Cranial neuralgia, nerve trunk pain & differentiated pain

Answer 32

Herpes zoster | Trigeminal neuralgia

Question 33

Suboccipital Triangle

Answer 33

Formed by rectus capitis major, obliquus capitis inferior and obliquus capitis superior

Question 34

Suboccipital triangle contains

Answer 34

Vertebral artery | Suboccipital nerve

Question 35

"Yes" Joint

Answer 35

Atlas & occipital bone junction | Stabilized by posterior/anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 36

"No" Joint

Answer 36

Atlas & axis articulation Cruciform ligament holds atlas to dens Alar ligament joints dens to occipital condyle

Question 37

Whiplash

Answer 37

Hyperextension/flexion of neck by sudden forward acceleration Anterior longitudinal ligament & anterior neck muscles are stretched/torn

Question 38

Whiplash Complications

Answer 38

Intervertebral disc rupture Hangman's Breakage of dens