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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Skull Osteology > Flashcards

Skull Osteology Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what makes up the skull

A

cranium + mandible

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2
Q

what 2 parts make up the cranium

A

-neurocranium
-viscerocranium

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3
Q

skull bones are organized into

A

-cranial
-facial

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4
Q

whats the function of cranial bones

A

-theyre the site for head muscle attachment
-encase brain and particular sense organs

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5
Q

whats the function of facial bones

A

-site for facial muscle attachment
-contain cavities for particular sense organs i.e. gustation, olfaction, vision
-form the framework for the face
-contain openings for air and food passage
-secure teeth

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6
Q

the neurocranium can be divided into

A

calvaria & cranial base

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7
Q

the calvaria forms what aspects of the skull and forehead

A

the superior, lateral, posterior aspects of the skull and the forehead

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8
Q

calvaria looks like

A

dome shaped roof (skullcap)

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9
Q

the cranial base forms what

A

floor of the skull

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10
Q

the cranial base consists of what bones

A

ethmoid, sphenoid and parts of the temporal and occipital bones

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11
Q

whats a cranial cavity

A

its the cavity covered by the calvaria and cranial base

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12
Q

what cavities are in the skull

A

-cranial (contains brain)
-orbits (contains eyeballs)
-nasal ( contains paranasal sinuses)
-middle and inner ear

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13
Q

what are depressions and openings of the cranium

A

-fissure
-foramen
-fossa
-sulcus
-meatus

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14
Q

whats a fissure

whats a foramen

whats a fossa

whats a sulcus

whats a meatus

A

-a narrow opening between adjacent parts of bones for nerves and vessels

-a hole/opening

-a shallow depression

-a groove

-a tubelike passageway

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15
Q

whats a suture

A

connections (joints) between bones of skull

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16
Q

where can you find sutures

A

at all bones of the skull except mandible

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17
Q

what are the cranial bone sutures

A

-coronal
-sagittal
-squamous
-lambdoid

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18
Q

how are sutures of facial bones named

A

based on name of bones that are connected

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19
Q

what are fetal bones like at birth

A

unfused

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20
Q

fetal skull bones are joined by

A

membranes called fontanelle

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21
Q

whats a fontanelle

A

area of fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria

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22
Q

what are major fontanelles

A

-anterior
-posterior
-anterolateral (sphenoidal)
-posterolateral (mastoid)

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23
Q

what do fontanelles allow for

why do infants have open fontanelles

A

rapid stretching and deformation of the neurocranium as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bones grow

to allow for brain growth

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24
Q

what 6 fontanelles are present at birth

A

-anterior (1)
-posterior (1)
-mastoid (2)
-sphenoid (2)

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25
whats the shape of anterior fontanelle
diamond/ rhomboid
26
where is anterior fontanelle located
junction of the sagittal, coronal and frontal sutures
27
anterior fontanelle is the future site of
bregma
28
when does the anterior fontanelle close (ossify)
18 months of age
29
what forms the posterior fontanelle
junction of 3 suture lines i.e. sagittal suture anteriorly and lambdoid suture on either side
30
shape of posterior fontanelle
triangular
31
when does posterior fontanelle close
first 2-3 months after birth
32
when do cranial sutures start to ossify
8 years ( sutures on facial skeleton ossify earlier)
33
obliteration of cranial sutures progresses usually at what age
20-30 yrs (often before age 40)
34
obliteration of sutures begins with which suture
coronal suture and then extends into sagittal and lambdoid sutures
35
ossification of the cartilaginous neurocranium begins in which bones
-occipital bone -basisphenoid -ethmoid bone
36
what is craniosynostosis
premature closure of one or more sutures
37
what causes scaphocephaly (boat head)
early closure of sagittal suture
38
what causes brachycephaly (short head)
the premature closure of the coronal and lambdoid sutures
39
what are types of craniosynostosis
-scaphocephaly -brachycephaly -plagiocephaly
40
what causes plagiocephaly (asymmetry head)
unilateral closure of coronal suture/ lambdoid suture
41
how many cranial bones are there
8
42
what are the paired cranial bones
-parietal -temporal
43
what are the unpaired cranial bones
-frontal -occipital -sphenoid -ethmoid
44
where is the frontal bone located
anterior cranial fossa
45
the frontal bone has what structural contribution
anterior portion of cranium roofs of the orbits anterior cranial fossa
46
what are the parts of the frontal bone
frontal squama supraorbital margins glabella
47
what are the articulations of the frontal bone
coronal suture i.e. parietal bones frontonasal suture
48
what are the sinuses and openings of the frontal bone
frontal sinus supraorbital foramen
49
what are the marks of the frontal bone
frontal squama ( forehead) supra-orbital margin (protects eye) lacrimal foosa (for tear ducts) frontal sinuses
50
what makes up the foramina of the frontal bone
supra-orbital foramen supra-orbital notch
51
the supra-orbital foramen allows for passage for what
for blood vessels of eyebrows, eyelids and frontal sinuses
52
whats the supra-orbital notch
an incomplete supra-orbital foramen
53
what are the major associated sutures of the parietal bones
1 coronal 1 lambdoid 2 squamous 1 sagittal
54
what are sutural bones
tiny irregularly shaped bones which appear within sutures
55
whats the structural contribution of the parietal bone
superior and lateral aspects of the skull
56
what are the articulations of the parietal bone
coronal- anterior; frontal bone sagittal- midline; parietal bones lambdoid- posterior; occipital bone squamous- lateral; temporal bones
57
whats the structural contribution of the temporal bone
lateral surface inferior to parietal (inferolateral aspects of skull)
58
what are the articulations of the temporal bone
squamous i.e. parietal
59
what are the 4 regions of the temporal bone that make its shape
squamous region tympanic region mastoid region petrous region
60
what happens at the squamous region of the temporal bone
-zygomatic process meets the zygomatic bone and forms the zygomatic arch -mandibular fossa and condyle of mandible form the temporomandibular joint
61
what's it like at the tympanic region of the temporal bone
-it’s the region which surrounds the external auditory meatus -has the styloid process which is a needle like projection for muscle attachment
62
what's does the mastoid region (mastoid process) of the temporal bone do
-forms the mastoid process which is an anchoring point for neck muscles and contains the mastoid sinuses
63
what's the petrous region (mountain range) of the temporal bone
-is part of the cranial base -is between occipital and sphenoid bones -it forms middle cranial fossa -it houses middle and inner ear cavities
64
what's the foramen of the temporal bone
jugular- contains jugular veins and 3 cranial nerves carotid canal internal acoustic meatus- contains cranial nerves 7 & 8
65
what's the structural contribution of the occipital bone
posterior wall and base of skull walls of posterior cranial fossa
66
what are the articulations of the occipital bone
lambdoid i.e. parietal bones occipitomastoid i.e. temporal bones basioccipital i.e. sphenoid bone
67
what's the opening of the occipital bone
foramen magnum- where brain connects with spinal cord
68
what are the protrusions of the occipital bone
occipital condyles-which articulates with the first vertebrae
69
what's the location of the occipital bone
posterior cranial fossa

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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