Skull, Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, and Meninges

Question 1

What are the 5 functional spaces of the head?

Answer 1

cranial

orbital

ears

nares

oral

Question 2

What are the 3 organizations of the skull?

Answer 2

neurocranium- top and sides

basicranium- protects underneath

face -front

Question 3

What are the frontal bones of the skull?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the notch in the orbital of the eye and why is it important?

Answer 4

Supra-orbital notch (foramen) important for nerve blocks for the forehead

Question 5

What is the foramen of the maxilla and why is it important?

Answer 5

Infraorbital foramen important for local anesthetic for the lower eyelid to the upper lip and side of the nose (half an inch below orbital)

Question 6

What is the foramen of the mandible?

Answer 6

Mental foramen important for nerve block lower lip and chin

Question 7

What is special about the occipital bone?

Answer 7

Important for movement of the head bc it meets with spinal bones spinal column runs through it

Question 8

What is special about the lacrimal bone?

Answer 8

Hold tears for when you fail your test

Question 9

What does the vomer bone do?

Answer 9

Separates the nose into two septum

Question 10

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 10

Passageway for spinal cord

Question 11

What nerve does the sphenoid bone provide passage for?

Answer 11

trigeminal nerve

Question 12

What does CN1 travel through to get to the nare?

Answer 12

the cribiform plates

Question 13

What is the sella turcica and what sits inside of it?

Answer 13

the pituitary gland, the depression in the sphenoid bone

Question 14

What are the foramen and the cranial nerves that they travel through?

Answer 14

See Slide 11

Question 15

What is the opening from the outside to the nose?

Answer 15

Nare

Question 16

What is the opening from the nose to the nasopharynx?

Answer 16

choanae

Question 17

What are the extra bones in the nose that separate the nasal pathway?

Answer 17

superior, middle, and inferior concha they come from the lateral walls

Question 18

What is the point of the concha?

Answer 18

increase the surface area for nasal endothelium (it is thick and spongy)

Question 19

What are the spaces created by the concha called?

Answer 19

superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatus

Question 20

What is important about the inferior nasal meatus?

Answer 20

It is were you would pass a nasogastric tube passes for anesthetic

Question 21

What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 21

Where the CN1 comes down

Question 22

What makes up the nasal septum?

Answer 22

ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage

Question 23

How many vertebral bones are there?

Answer 23

33

Question 24

What are the regions of the vertebrae?

Answer 24

Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5 fused) Coccygeal (4 fused)

Question 25

What are the types of curvatures of the spine?

Answer 25

Primary (1): kyphosis Secondary (2): lordosis functioning for center of gravity and upright posture with no muscular pressure

Question 26

What are the parts of a vertebra and function?

Answer 26

Vertebral body- (weight support, flexible joints between) vertebral (neural) arch- (surrounding and protecting spinal cord) Articular process (additional joints) Transverse process (sites of muscle attachment) spinous process (sites of muscle attachment)

Question 27

What does the vertebral arch include?

Answer 27

pedicle lamina (posterior)

Question 28

Where is the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 28

between pedicles (nerves leave the spinal cord here)

Question 29

What makes up a vertebral disc?

Answer 29

annulus fibrosis (fiber container) nucleus pulposis (gel inside)

Question 30

What is the nuchal ligament?

Answer 30

ligament in the cervical region goes from spine all the way close to skin support and balance of the head site of attachment for neck muscles

Question 31

What are the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 31

transverse foramen (vertebral arteries) bifid spine (nuchal ligament attachment) small body (less weight to support) **Looks like birds**

Question 32

What are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 32

costal articular facets (where ribs attach) **Looks like giraffe**

Question 33

What are the characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 33

large body (weight support) ## Footnote **Looks like a moose**

Question 34

What cervical bone has a transverse foramen that the artery does not pass through?

Answer 34

C7

Question 35

What is C1 called and what makes it unique?

Answer 35

atlas atlantooccipital joint (meets the occipital bone) no body anterior and posterior arches transverse ligament hold C1 and C2 together

Question 36

What is C2 called and what makes it unique?

Answer 36

axis dens (odontoid process [body of c1 that got stuck])

Question 37

What is the yes joint?

Answer 37

atlantooccipital joint

Question 38

what is the no joint?

Answer 38

atlantoaxial joints

Question 39

What are the lateral bones of the skull?

Answer 39

Question 40

What are the inferior bones of the skull?

Answer 40