SL 4

Question 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 1

Stores energy transferred from the breakdown of carbohydrates fats and proteins

Question 2

Energy products of atp hydrolysis

Answer 2

ADP, pi, H

Question 3

What processes in the body use atp

Answer 3

Oxidative phosphorylation, active transport, muscle contraction, endo and exo cytosis, building proteins

Question 4

3 main metabolic pathways that transfer energy to atp

Answer 4

ATP-cp, phosphorylation via glycolytic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

What process lets off phosphate as a bi product

Answer 5

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 6

Is ATP- CP anaerobic or aerobic

Answer 6

Anaerobic

Question 7

Enzyme used in ATP-CP

Answer 7

Creatine kinase

Question 8

Location of glycolysis

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

Important enzymes in glycolysis

Answer 9

Hexokinase, pfk

Question 10

Net gain of atp in hydrolysis

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Anaerobic pathway of pyruvate

Answer 11

Lactate
SLP

Question 12

Aerobic pathway of glycolysis

Answer 12

Produces a lot atp through the kerbs cycle

Question 13

Enzyme used in lactate production

Answer 13

LDH / lactate dehydrogenase

Question 14

lactate production is

Answer 14

Reversible, by transferring Hydrogen atoms derived from NADH to pyruvate

Question 15

Reactants of acetyl coa production

Answer 15

Pyruvate, coa-sh, nad+

Question 16

Where does the production of acetyl coa take place

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

Bi product of acetyl coa production

Answer 17

CO2

Question 18

Where does the Citric acid cycle take place

Answer 18

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 19

Important enzymes in citric acid cycle

Answer 19

Citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 20

Rate limiting enzyme in citric acid cycle

Answer 20

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 21

How many atp are produced per Krebs cycle

Answer 21

One via GTP

Question 22

High energy intermediates produced in citric acid cycle

Answer 22

3NADH and FADH2

Question 23

The Krebs cycle is ____ but does not directly use ___

Answer 23

Aerobic, oxygen

Question 24

Why is oxphos required for continuous cycles of kreb cycle

Answer 24

Regeneration of NAD+

Question 25

Oxidative phosphorylation is a ____ process

Answer 25

Aerobic

Question 26

What is the main source of atp at low to moderate levels of muscle contraction

Answer 26

Oxphos

Question 27

Where are proteins that regulate oxphos found

Answer 27

Inner mitochondrial matrix

Question 28

Clusters of adiopocytes make up

Answer 28

Adipose tissue

Question 29

Hormone responsible for fat catabolism

Answer 29

Lipase

Question 30

Location of beta oxidation

Answer 30

Mitochondrial matrix to break down fatty acids for energy

Question 31

Type one fibers

Answer 31

Slow oxidative

Question 32

Which type of muscle fiber is best for endurance

Answer 32

Type 1

Question 33

Which muscle fiber type has the smallest diameter

Answer 33

Type 1

Question 34

Characteristics of type 2X muscle fibres

Answer 34

- large diameter - low capillaries - low mitochondrial density - low fatigue resistance

Question 35

Type 2A muscle fibers

Answer 35

Fast oxidative

Question 36

Steps of muscle examinations

Answer 36

1. Muscle biopsy 2. Tissue sectioning 3. Tissue staining 4. Analysis

Question 37

Fatigue onset depends on

Answer 37

1. Active myofibers type 2. Intensity/ duration of contractile activity 3. Fitness status of the individual

Question 38

Peripheral fatigue

Answer 38

Due to factors distal of neuro muscular junction Results from accumulation of metabolic products

Question 39

Central fatigue

Answer 39

Due to factors proximal to the NMJ and results from changes within the nervous system, and leads to decreased motor neuron output

Question 40

Peripheral fatigue metabolic effects

Answer 40

Reduced calcium release and reuptake by by SR, reduced sensitivity of the thin filaments to calcium, directly inhibit the binding/ power stroke of cross bridge

Question 41

Central command fatigue

Answer 41

Muscles are not fatigued but the individual stops exercising

Question 42

Function of satellite cells

Answer 42

Muscle growth and adaptation and regeneration

Question 43

Load> tension muscle contraction

Answer 43

Isotonic eccentric

Question 44

Neural effects that influence force generation

Answer 44

Frequency fiber is stimulated, and the number of muscle fibers stimulated

Question 45

Physiological processes that require atp

Answer 45

OXPHOS, muscle contraction, endo and exocytosis

Question 46

Metabolic bi products of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 46

ADP hydrogen and lactate

Question 47

Organs found in the CNS

Answer 47

brain and spinal cord

Question 48

Astrocytes

Answer 48

Anchoring neurons to capillaries and supporting the formation of the blood brain barrier

Question 49

Enzyme responsible for ATP-CP

Answer 49

Creatine kinase

Question 50

Oxidative phosphorylation enzyme

Answer 50

ATP synthase

Question 51

Anaerobic glycolysis / lactate production enzyme

Answer 51

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 52

Anaerobic glycolysis / lactate production

Answer 52

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 53

Krebs cycle enzyme

Answer 53

Citrate synthase

Question 54

Pyruvate to acetyl coa reaction enzyme

Answer 54

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 55

First source of energy for immediate fast exercise

Answer 55

ATP -CP

Question 56

Glycolysis enzymes

Answer 56

Hexokinase and pfk

Question 57

Type 2B muscle fibers

Answer 57

Fast glycolytic