SL lecture 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is hazard evaluation?
Systematic assessment initiated by serious accidents using established techniques.
What are the types of hazards in process industries?
- Fire hazard
- Toxicity hazard
- Reactive chemical hazard
- Explosion hazard
- Cryogens
- Compressed gases
- Radioactive chemicals
- Pollution hazard
What types of hazards are not considered in hazard evaluations?
- Slips
- Falls
- Use of personal protective equipment
- Exposure to industrial chemicals
What factors are important in hazard evaluation?
- Operability
- Economic concerns
- Environmental concerns
Who can assist with process safety concerns?
- Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA)
- Consulting company
What is the impact of increased production rates on accidents?
Increase in magnitude of accidents.
What are the consequences of accidents?
- Environmental impact
- Toxic impact
- Community response
- National response
Who should be included in hazard evaluation teams?
- Engineers (including environmental engineers)
- Toxicologists
- Hygienists
- Medical doctors
- Operators
- Maintenance staff
- Shift foremen
What are the benefits of effective hazard evaluation?
- Fewer accidents
- Reduced consequences
- Improved emergency response
- Improved training
- More efficient operation
What are some hazards associated with VCM production?
- Chlorine: toxicity, reactivity
- Ethylene: flammability, reactivity
- Ethylene dichloride: flammability, toxicity
- HCl: toxicity, reactivity
- VCM: flammability, toxicity, reactivity
What does Material Safety Data for VCM include?
- Acute toxicity (inhalation, oral, dermal)
- Chronic toxicity (inhalation, dermal, oral)
- Carcinogenicity
- Mutagenicity
- Teratogenicity
- Exposure limits (TLV, PEL, IDLH, OEL)
- Physical properties (freezing point, boiling point, etc.)
What does the acronym TLV stand for?
Threshold Limit Value.
Fill in the blank: Risk is calculated as _______.
Frequency x Consequence.
What is the purpose of a safety review?
Match design intent with construction standards.
What is the result of a checklist analysis?
Differences from a ‘standard’ design.
What is a Preliminary Hazard Analysis?
Early stage assessment identifying hazardous materials and major process areas.
What is the goal of relative ranking in hazard evaluation?
Assessment of process hazards and critical ranking.
What is the time required for preparation evaluation documentation for complex systems?
- Preparation: 1-3 days
- Evaluation: 3-5 days
- Documentation: 2-4 days
