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Clinical Neurosciences > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

a physiologic state of relative unconciousness and inaction of the voluntary muscles, the need for which recurs periodically

A

sleep

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2
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

light sleep

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3
Q

stage 2 sleep

A

K complexes and sleep spindles

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4
Q

stage 3-4 sleep

A

slow wave sleep; restorative sleep

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5
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement sleep; dream sleep

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6
Q

elderly sleep patterns

A

more stage II and less REM

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7
Q

the biological clock is located in what part of the brain

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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8
Q

what two other things are regulated by circadian rhythm besides sleep

A

body temperature and cortisol secretion

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9
Q

what structures within the brain are important for sleep

A

basal forebrain
anterior hypothalamus
dorsolateral medullary reticular formation

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10
Q

chemicals that are important for sleep

A

serotonin
melanocyte stimulating hormone
prostaglandin D2
uridine

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11
Q

what is the most common sleep disorder

A

insomnia

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12
Q

is the inability to fall asleep or to maintain sleep

A

insomnia

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13
Q

insomnia prevalence increases with

A

age, medical psychatric and substance abuse problems

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14
Q

insomnia is more prevalent in men or women

A

women

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15
Q

examples of predisposing factors for insomnia

A

sleep wake cycle
circadian rhythm
coping mechanism
age

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16
Q

examples of precipitating factors of insomnia

A

situational environmental, medical, psychiatric and medication

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17
Q

examples of perpetuating factors of insomnia

A

conditioning
substance abuse
performance anxiety
poor sleep hygiene

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18
Q

what is transient insonia

A

last for SEVERAL days and results from acute stress or environmental changes

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19
Q

what is short term insonia

A

can last up to 3 weeks duration and results from more severe causes such as bereavement, emotional trauma, hospitalization and pain

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20
Q

what is chronic insomnia

A

last greater than 3 weeks in duration and is associated with physical and emotional illnesses as well as medications, alcohol or illicit drugs (only 10% however are substance abusers)

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21
Q

what are the goals in treatment of insomnia

A

resolve underlying problems
improve quality of life
prevent progression of transient insomnia to chronic insomnia

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22
Q

examples of sleep hygiene

A 
do something enjoyable and relaxing
avoid taking trouble to bed
make bedroom comfortable
use bedroom for sleep or sex
avoid alcohol/caffeine
avoid napping
avoid exercising too late
maintain regular schedule
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23
Q

examples of stimulus control

A

go to bed only when your sleepy and get out of bed when you are unable to sleep, darken the room and reduce noise

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24
Q

examples of thought therapy

Study These Flashcards
A

yells “stop”—>thought stopping

25
combined therapy
``` non-pharmacologic therapy lowest dose of sleeper short term use of sleeper psychiatric care drug withdrawal or rehabilitation assess for other causes ```
26
sedating antidepressants are contraindicated with
BPH or cardiovascular disease
27
example of a sedating antidepressant
amytriptaline
28
caution in what popuatlion should be used in patients with sedating antidepressants
elderly (at risk for falling)
29
examples of antihistamines
hydroxyzine and diphenhydramine
30
antihistamines may do what to insonia
worsen or cause insomnia
31
side effects of antihistamines include
anticholinergic side effects
32
causes of restless leg syndrome
idiopathic, pregnancy, uremia, RA, iron deficiency, peripheral neuropathy, drug withdrawal and myelopathy
33
treatment of restless leg syndrome
anti-parkinson meds benzodiazepine (chlonafin, lorazapam, chlorazapam) opiates tricyclic antidepressants such as amytriptaline, neurotin, and GABA pentin
34
most common disorder of excessive daytime somnolence
sleep apnea
35
patients are sleepy and have headaches, insomnia, memory trouble, irritable, slow reaction time, hypertension, and nocturia
sleep apnea
36
what is the etiology of sleep apnea
obesity and possibly altered nasopharyngeal structures
37
how do you diagnose sleep apnea
sleep apnea
38
what is the treatment for sleep apnea
``` lose weight CPAP tennis balls surgery-UPPP avoid taking sleepers and alcohol ```
39
what chromosome is associated with narcolepsy
chromosome 6 (HLA-DR2/DQ1*0602)
40
first symptoms of nacrolepsy begin when
second decade
41
deficiency of hypocretin 2 (orexin B) is associated with
nacrolepsy
42
what is the tetrad associated with narcolepsy
excessive daytime sleepiness cataplexy sleep paralysis hypnagogic hallucinations
43
the differential diagnosis for narcolepsy include
disorders of excessive insomence and epilepsy
44
how do you diagnose narcolepsy
history and physical and sleep study
45
treatment of narcolepsy
education scheduled naps exercise medications
46
what are some common medications for treatment of nacrolepsy
``` caffeine pemoline methyphenidate tricycclin antidepressants (decream REM) modafil, armodafinil sodium oxybate (good drug for cataplexy part) ```
47
REM suppression and rebound
alcohol, drugs such as MAOI, tricyclic antidepresants and sleep deprivation
48
when does somnabulism occur
stage III and IV
49
somnabiulism
sleep walking
50
pavor noturnus
night terros
51
age group affected by pavor notrunus
2-12 years of age
52
what are pavor notrunus characterized by
screaming, crying, or intense fear; stage III and IV sleep which lasts 3-5 minutes
53
stages of sleep affected by night terrors
III and IV
54
what is treatment for night terros
psychological guard against injury benzodiazepines avoid precipitating causes like loud noises, medications, full bladder and sleep deprivation
55
age group affected by nocturnal enuresis
age 4-14
56
are boys or girls more susceptible for bedwetting
boys>girls
57
what things should you rule out with nocturnal enuresis
diabetes mellitus urinary tract infection diabetes insipidus seizure and myelopathy
58
medications for nocturnal enuresis
imipramine for 5 months | DDAVP (desmopressin) usually short term

Clinical Neurosciences (16 decks)

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