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Sleep Apnea Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Infants need how much sleep?

A

16 hours

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2
Q

Teens need how much sleep?

A

9 hr

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3
Q

Adults need how much sleep?

A

7-8 hrs

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4
Q

Amount of sleep a night we got before the electric light bulb was invented.

A

10 hrs

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5
Q

Stage of sleep known as drowsiness, jerky movements.

A

Stage I sleep

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6
Q

This stage of sleep increases core and peripheral temperature, and relaxes muscles.

A

Autogenesis

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7
Q

Measures electrical activity at the surface of the brain.

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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8
Q

The largest waves in an EEG.

A

Delta

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9
Q

Waves with the greatest frequency.

A

Beta

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10
Q

Sleep stage where there’s drowsiness and hypnic jerks.

A

Stage I

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11
Q

Waves in Stage I.

A

Alpha waves are replaced with Theta waves.

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12
Q

Stage I is what percent of Total Sleep Time?

A

5%

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13
Q

Need these for it to be Stage II sleep.

A

Spindles (assocaited with K complex).

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14
Q

Stage II sleep is what percent of total sleep time?

A

45

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15
Q

Stage II sleep does NOT have these characteristics:

A
  • No eye movement
  • Easily awake
  • Dreaming is rare
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16
Q

How does the sleep spindle look?

A

Bunch of zig zags.

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17
Q

How does the K complex look?

A

Like a QRST complex in an EKG.

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18
Q

This stage is deep sleep or slow wave sleep.

A

Stage III

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19
Q

This sleep stage has Delta waves.

A

Stage III

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20
Q

This sleep stage has Delta waves more than 20% of the time.

A

Stage III

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21
Q

More common to find _________ in stage III of NREM sleep, though not as common as in REM sleep.

A

Dreaming

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22
Q

This most commonly occurs in Stage III sleep.

A

Parasomnia

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23
Q

What is parasomnia?

A

Weird things that people do in their sleep, like sleep walking.

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24
Q

This stage has Slow Wave Sleep (SWS)

A

III

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25
When your muscles are in a paralyzed relaxed state.
Atonia
26
This sleep stage has: - Rapid Eye movements - Muscle atonia - EEG desynchronization
REM
27
This sleep stage is AKA PARADOXICAL SLEEP because the brain activity is similar to that during waking hours.
REM
28
Considered the lightest stage of sleep, and normally occurs close to morning.
REM
29
A newborn baby spends more than 80% of total sleep time in this stage.
REM
30
NREM and REM cycles every....
90 minutes
31
In a sleep pattern, REM is at the ____ of the wave.
Top
32
In a sleep pattern, stage III is at the _____ of the wave.
Bottom
33
Not getting enough sleep makes you more sensitive to this.
Pain
34
These suppress slow wave sleep.
Marijuana and Benzos
35
This suppresses REM early in the night.
Pre-sleep alcohol
36
These suppress REM.
TCA's and MAO Inhibitors
37
Disorder where there's an extreme tendency to fall asleep, esp. in relaxing settings.
Narcolespy
38
The soft parts of the oropharyngeal walls vibrate during _____.
Snoring
39
Simple snoring is what?
When it doesn't wake you up.
40
Higher pitched noise and frequency is what kind of snoring?
Pathological
41
Heavy snoring increases the risk of this.
Carotid atherosclerosis
42
UARS stands for.
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome
43
Has crescendo snoring.
UARS
44
Associated with Respiratory Effort Related Arousals (RERA's).
UARS
45
Normally, it takes how many times longer to breathe in than out?
3
46
In UARS, the time it takes to breathe in ____ the time it takes to breathe out.
equals
47
Type of apnea where there's no airflow, even though you're trying to breathe.
Obstructive apnea
48
Type of apnea where there's no airflow bc there's no breathing effort.
Central apnea
49
GERD is a sign of what?
Obstructive sleep apnea
50
Signs and Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Snoring- intermittent with pauses - excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). - Awakenings with gasping or choking - Fragmented, non-refreshing, light sleep - Poor memory, clouded intellect - Irritability, personality changes - Decreased sex drive, impotence - Morning headaches - GERD
51
Prevalence of OSA in men.
3-7%
52
Prevalence of OSA in women
2-5%
53
Prevalence of OSA in the US.
12 million
54
This increases your chances of getting a myocardial infarction.
OSA
55
When you stop breathing for at least 10 seconds.
Apnea
56
- At least 30% reduction in airflow - Stop breathing for at least 10 seconds - At least 4% reduction in blood oxygen.
Hypopnea
57
The number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep.
AHI Index
58
When you wake up bc your breathing is off.
RERA Respiratory Effort Related Arousal
59
RDI stands for...
Respiratory Disturbance Index
60
RDI definition
Total number of apnea, hypopnea, and RERA's per hour.
61
RDI is always higher than what?
AHI
62
Combination of central and obstructive apnea, with a central pattern evolving into an obstructive pattern.
Mixed Apnea
63
What do you want the minimum blood oxygen to be?
Above 90%
64
Sleep time where blood oxygen is below 90%.
T90
65
A recording of nocturnal sleep with duration of at least 6 hours, which is performed for diagnostic or treatment purposes.
Nocturnal PSG
66
Diagnostic study followed by application of a CPAP during the same night.
Split night PSG
67
CPAP stands for:
Continuous positive airway pressure
68
Where the patients report their sleepiness.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
69
STOP-BANG questionnaires for assessing obstructive sleep apnea had the highest methodological quality. What does STOP-BANG stand for?
Snoring Tiredness Observed apnea Pressure (BP) BMI Age Neck circumference Gender
70
Measures the cross-sectional area of the upper airway.
Pharyngometry
71
First choice of tx for obstructive sleep apnea.
CPAP
72
Procedure where polyester inserts stiffen the soft palate to stop snoring.
Pillar procedure
73
UPPP
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
74
Procedure where you cut out the uvula and soft palate to stop OSA.
Uvulupalatopharyngoplasty
75
UPPP is what percent successful?
40
76
OAT stands for:
Oral Appliance Therapy
77
OAT function
Stabilizes the mandible, tongue, and hyoid bone.
78
First line therapy for patients with snoring or mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea.
Oral appliances
79
Can oral appliances be used for patients with SEVERE OSA, severe daytime sleepiness, or in patients who have very low oxygen saturation levels during sleep?
NO!
80
Allows you to measure the amount of protrusion.
George Gage
81
Oral appliances are less effective than what in improving sleep disordered breathing, and they take longer to achieve optimal treatment?
CPAP
82
Oral Appliance Therapy Contraindications
- Insufficient Dentition - Periodontal Disease - Dental Decay - TMJ Pain - Restricted mandibular opening or protrusion
83
OAT Side Effects
- Muscle and TMJ Pain - Excess Salivation - Early morning occlusal discomfort - Tongue, Tooth, Gum discomfort - Occlusal change in about 14% of patients after 5 years.

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