Sleep Apnea

Question 1

2 basic sleep stages

Answer 1

1) Quiet

2) Active

Question 2

Quiet sleep AKA

Answer 2

Non-REM sleep

Question 3

Active sleep AKA

Answer 3

REM sleep

Question 4

75-80% of total sleep is in this stage.

Answer 4

Non-REM/Quiet

Question 5

Cessation of airflow from the mouth and nostrils for at least 10 seconds.

Answer 5

Apnea

Question 6

This cardiac event can occur from hypoxia.

Answer 6

Cardia dysrrhythmia

Question 7

Males of Females more affected by sleep apnea?

Answer 7

Males

Question 8

Apnea in which you don’t attempt to breathe.

Answer 8

Central sleep apnea

Question 9

Apnea in which something is preventing airflow.

Answer 9

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 10

Most sleep apnea cases are what type?

Answer 10

Obstructive

Question 11

Type of apnea where respiratory muscle activity ceases simultaneously with airflow at the mouth and nostrils.

Answer 11

Central sleep apnea

Question 12

Central sleep apnea is associated with which CNS disorders?

Answer 12

1) Tumor
2) Stroke
3) Bulbar poliomyelitis

Question 13

Upper or lower airway affected in obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 13

Upper

Question 14

This type of sleep apnea has preservation of the respiratory effort, respiratory center drive, and diaphragmatic contraction.

Answer 14

Obstructive

Question 15

Mixed sleep apnea begins with an episode of what?

Answer 15

Central apnea

Question 16

Mixed sleep apnea ends with what episode?

Answer 16

Obstructive

Question 17

Nasal septum in obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer 17

Deviated

Question 18

Apnea where there’s loud snoring followed by apnea for 30-90 seconds.

Answer 18

Obstructive

Question 19

Clinical manifestations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Answer 19

1) Loud snoring
2) HTN
3) Bradycardia
4) Cor pulmonale

Question 20

Cor pulmonale is what?

Answer 20

Right-sided heart failure

Question 21

Physical findings with obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer 21

• Obesity
• Short, thick neck.
• Hypertrophy of the tonsils.
• Macroglossia
• Deviated nasal septum

Question 22

The gold standard to diagnose Obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer 22

Polysomnography

Question 23

Complete cessation of breathing.

Answer 23

Apnea

Question 24

Not getting the full amount of breathing.

Answer 24

Hypopnea

Question 25

RDI stands for what?

Answer 25

Respiratory Disturbance Index

Question 26

RDI calculation

Answer 26

(Apneas + Hypopneas)/ Total Sleep Time * 60 minutes

Question 27

An RDI > 30 is mild, moderate, or severe?

Answer 27

Severe

Question 28

What oxygen saturation is clinically significant?

Answer 28

< 85%

Question 29

Gold standard for treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Answer 29

CPAP

Question 30

This forces air in at a constant pressure to break the obstruction.

Answer 30

CPAP

Question 31

Continuous pressure that remains the same throughout the respiratory cycle.

Answer 31

CPAP

Question 32

Pressure is higher during inspiration than during expiration in this tx.

Answer 32

BiPAP

Question 33

Which mask is the most effective in positive pressure treatments?

Answer 33

Full face mask

Question 34

Orthognathic surgery procedures to treat OSA.

Answer 34

- Mandibular advancement - Genial advancement - Maxillomandibular advancement

Question 35

This can cause hypertrophy of the soft palate.

Answer 35

Snoring

Question 36

Resection to treat obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer 36

Uvuluopalatopharyngoplasty

Question 37

When you advance the chin to ring thd tongue forward.

Answer 37

Genial advancement

Question 38

These muscles are pulled forward in a genial advancement.

Answer 38

Genioglossus and Geniohyoid

Question 39

Pulls the hyoid forward to widen the airway.

Answer 39

Hyoid suspension

Question 40

Can move the whole chin forward about 12 mm.

Answer 40

Advancement Genioplasty

Question 41

Cut the chin off and move it forward.

Answer 41

Advancement genioplasty