sleep over the lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

Little is known about sleep in utero bc we don’t have the tools to measure it, we DO however know that_________

A

Sleep mechanisms emerge BEFORE birth

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2
Q

Sleep is estimated to begin at 10 weeks and we see this by__________

A

emergence of different BEHAVIOURAL states in utero

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3
Q

Rhythmic activity starts after_____ weeks

A

20-28

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4
Q

After birth, what sleeping patterns differentiate normal/ abnormal developing infant

A

NORMAL - NREM increase + continued waning of REM sleep, get entrained 36w after birth to regular sleep cycles
ABNORMAL - increase in NREM not seen, abnormal brain states on EEG, do NOT get entrained

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5
Q

‘Quiet’ sleep refers to_______, whereas ‘active’ means _____

A

NREM - regular breathing ; REM - irregular breathing

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6
Q

At 36 weeks infants begin to have rhythms, sleeping for 70% of the night and 65% of the day, they accomplish this because _______

A

NOT KNOWN - must be somehow genetic + entrained from mother

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7
Q

Typically developing neonates sleep for ______h in a 24 cycle

A

16-18h BUT not continuously

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8
Q

Describe REM/NREM patterns pre –> post birth

A

Building up to the birth have INCR amount of NREM

After birth, have a waning amount of REM

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9
Q

We know the foetal circadian rhythms emerge by ______ trimester

A

THIRD - begin to have regularity in HR / activity that is IN SYNC with mother

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10
Q

New parents struggle to sleep enough because the child also barely sleeps T/F

A

FALSE - get heaps of sleep but it is not regular / organised

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11
Q

Ultradian rhythm refers to_______

A

3-4h rhythms in babies where they eat, sleep, wake

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12
Q

After birth, describe baby’;s sleep patterns in 3 steps

A

Ultradian rhythm
Free running
Entrainment after 4 months (16w)

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13
Q

Melatonin rhythms arise at ________days

A

45

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14
Q

at _____ months child begins to sleep through most of the night

A

2-3 mths

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15
Q

> 12 months nap ______
<12 months nap ______
<6 months nap_______

A
>12 = 1 a day 
<12 = 12 a day 
<6 = 3-4
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16
Q

Sleep tends to be stable for the first few months but typically regresses in ________

A

4th month after birth –> 4mth sleep reggression when NREM/REM cycles emerge

17
Q

What is meant by sleep organisation changes in babies?

A

As they get older, NUMBER of sleep periods changes;
• Polyphasic (0-1yo),
• biphasic (1-3yo),
• monophasic (3+) i.e. one sleep period per 24h

18
Q

K complexes + SWS emerge ________ months

A

at 6 months

19
Q

Which is INCORECT;

a) toddlers have a dramatic drop in sleep duration
b) by 4-5 sleep rhythms start to resemble adults
c) sleep rhythms are longer than adults
d) circadian preference starts to develop by 6-yo

A

C - rhtyhms are SHORTER than adults lasting 40-60min + more cycles

20
Q

By ______ age REM/NREM are established and are identical to adults;

a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16

A

D - 16

21
Q

Adolescents have dramatic fall in sleep duration but maintain the same NEED for sleep. This is caused by ‘the perfect storm’consisting of 3 components______

A

1) circadian phase delay = onset of biological signals get delayed
2) Slowed rise of sleep pressure = signal to sleep is weakened
3) more sensitive to light

22
Q

Sleep is adulthood is primarily associated with increased ___________

A

sleep fragmentation

23
Q

TST dramatically decreases with age T/F

A

False - does decrease by 10 mins each decade. Assoc w incr sleep awakenings = reduced EFFICIENCY

24
Q

Young bodies are more resistant to sleep deprivation T/F

A

False - OLDER people are more resilient to sleep deprivation. (but this is liekly due to their system malfunctioning)

25
Q

Why do older people experience difficulties falling asleep?

A

VLPO system (sleep switch) deteriorates with age, delta waves start dropping after 20 yo

26
Q

Describe the link between SWS and memory impairment

A

SWS is important for clearing toxins, DECLARATIVE (explicit) memory, maintaining grey matter function.
The relationship between ageing and memory loss is mediated by the amount of SWS we get bc we then have LESS toxins, and MORE grey matter = BETTER declarative memory

27
Q

Which is UNTRUE;

a) interstitial space increases during sleep in animal models
b) An important part of REM sleep is metabolising Beta - amyloid during sleep
c) a majority of adults report at least 1 sleeping problem
d) Adolescents sleep for the same amount as elderly

A

B - Beta Amyloid is cleared by NREM SWS.
C - true, 57% report at least one, but 43% don’t report any = ageing does not CAUSE sleeping issues
D - D - true, adolescents sleep for the same amount, but have a DELAY compared to older adults

28
Q

Elderly have greater intradaily instability in terms of their sleep T/F

A

TRUE - have more rapid wake/rest cycles

29
Q

Brain atrophy related to sleep is likely to occur________

A

Medial temporal lobe + PFC

30
Q

The timing of sleep in older adults can be summarised in 3 points________

A

1) Advanced phase
2) Changes to circadian mechanisms i.e. VLPO,
3) Decreased amplitude

31
Q

Reduction in the amplitude of sleep may be attributed to ______

A

Napping in the wake maintenance zone
Early morning awakenings
Increased propensity to nap

32
Q

The most frequent complaints of sleep in older adults_______ and are caused by________

A

Sleep INITIATION + maintenance

Due to VLPO waning with age + decreased SWS, more fragmentation, lower sleep drive, day time napping