Slide 1-39

Question 1

What is the COM

Answer 1

The point where all the mass of the object is concentrated

Question 2

WHHATS COG

Answer 2

The point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated ( the average location of the weight of an object

Question 3

What is the Plumb line or ideal gravity line

Answer 3

A vertical line representing gravity that passes through a systems center of mass/gravity

Question 4

What is the BOS

Answer 4

Base of support

Area bound by regions of contact between the body and support surface or surfaces

Question 5

What is balance

Answer 5

Aka stability

Ability to maintain center of gravity of an object within base of support

Question 6

What is perturbation

Answer 6

Disruption of equilibrium

Question 7

What are stability limits

Answer 7

Boundaries within which the body can maintain stability balance without changing BOS

Question 8

What 5 mechanical factors impact stability

Answer 8

1. BOS
2. Height of COG over BOS
3. Location of COG within BOS
4. Body weight/ mass
5. Friction

Question 9

What is posture

Answer 9

The stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments

Question 10

What are the types of posture

Answer 10

Static- standing, sitting, lying

Dynamic- walking/running, lifting

Question 11

How do primary postural muscles work

Answer 11

Generate torque across joints to resist the tendency to be overthrown

Question 12

How does the body maintain balance

Answer 12

Keeping the body’s COG over BOS

Question 13

What is dynamic stability

Answer 13

The postural control process of controlling the body in space

Question 14

What is feedforward control

Answer 14

Anticipatory postural control

Postural responses are made prior to voluntary movement that is potentially destabilizing

Question 15

What is feedback control

Answer 15

Compensatory or reactive postural responses

Sensory feed back from unexpected external perturbations triggers postural responses

Question 16

To maintain balance we integrate three inputs

Answer 16

Visual

Vestibular

Proprioceptive

Question 17

How do you test the visual contribution to balance

Answer 17

Romberg test

Question 18

How do we test vestibular contribution to balance

Answer 18

Calorific reflex test

Question 19

How do we test contribution of proprioceptive to balance

Answer 19

Stand on unstable surface

Question 20

In flat back the thoracic spine is ________ and the lumbar lordosis ___________

Answer 20

Decreased kyphosis

Decreased lumbar lordosis

Question 21

In sway back the thoracic spine is __________ and the lordosis ___________

Answer 21

Increased kyphosis

Decreased lordosis

Question 22

How much does ever inch of forward head carriage effect the weight of the head on the spine

Answer 22

10 pounds per inch

Question 23

What is the kinetic chain

Answer 23

Combination of several successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit

Question 24

What is open chain movement

Answer 24

Kinetic chain in the which the terminal segment can move freely

Question 25

What is closed chain movement

Answer 25

Kinetic chain in which the distal end of the extremity is fixed

Question 26

Example of chain movements

Answer 26

Open- bicep curl, bench press Closed- push ups. Squats

Question 27

What is the step

Answer 27

The movement of ONE lower extremity from toe off to heel contact

Question 28

What is stride

Answer 28

TWO steps which each leg= 1 stride Also called a gait cycle

Question 29

What is double support

Answer 29

The portion of one gait cycle in which both feet are in contact with the ground

Question 30

What is flight/float

Answer 30

Neither foot is in contact with the ground

Question 31

What distinguishes walking from running

Answer 31

Flight/float

Question 32

One complete gait cycle consists of

Answer 32

The movement when the foot first contacts the ground until that same foot again makes ground contact

Question 33

What is stance

Answer 33

LE is contacting the ground

Question 34

Whats swing

Answer 34

LE swinging through the air preparing for next impact

Question 35

How long does a typical walking gait cycle last

Answer 35

1 second

Question 36

Stance phase is when the

Answer 36

Distal end is fixed by ground reactive forces, closed chain motion

Question 37

What are the 3 sub phases of stance phase

Answer 37

Contact Midstance Propulsive

Question 38

What is more percentage stance or swing phase

Answer 38

Stance=60% Swing= 40%

Question 39

In the swing phase the kinetic chain is

Answer 39

Freely mobile so this is an open chain motion

Question 40

How many gait cycles are performed daily

Answer 40

5000

Question 41

What is the first 1/3 of the stance phase

Answer 41

Contact- begins at the heel strike and ends when entire forefoot makes gourd contact (foot flat)

Question 42

What is loading response

Answer 42

Interval when the sole of the foot comes into contact with the ground and the WEIGHT OF THE BODY IS ACCEPTED ONTO THE SUPPORTING LIMB

Question 43

What is the second 1/3 of the stance phase

Answer 43

Midstance Ends at the point of heel off/ push off

Question 44

What is the final 1/3 of the stance phase

Answer 44

Propulsive- begins the moment heel leave the ground

Question 45

During running how are the 3 phases of the "stance" phase divided

Answer 45

Contact- 20% Midstance- 25% Propulsive- 55%

Question 46

What are the three phases of the swing phase

Answer 46

Acceleration Midswing Deceleration

Question 47

When does acceleration begin

Answer 47

When toe off

Question 48

Midswing ends when the tibia is

Answer 48

Vertical and the swinging leg is forward

Question 49

When does deceleration end

Answer 49

With the heel strike