Slides Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the #1 cause of kidney failure?
Diabetes
Name some urinary system changes with aging
- Reduced renal blood flow
- Loss of cortical tissue
- Thickened membranes
- Reduced filtering ability
- Decreased tubule length & glomerular filtration rate, bladder capacity & muscle tone
- Nocturnal polyuria
- Risk for dehydration & hypernatremia
- Risk for incontinence or retention
Define urinary retention
The inability to void even with the urge to void (acute or chronic)
Name some causes of urinary retention
- Stress
- Medication
- Kidney stones
- Tumors
- Side effect of meds
- Spinal cord injury
What is the specific gravity of urine?
1.00-1.03
What is BUN and why is it assessed?
Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Measures the kidney’s ability to rid the blood of nitrogen and urea (result of protein breakdown)
- Can be affected by malnutrition
What is the range for BUN?
10-20 mg/dL
Why is creatinine assessed?
To measure the renal excretory function
* Cannot be affected by malnutrition or dehydration
What is the normal range for creatinine?
0.5 - 1.2 mg.dL
What test is a 24-hour urine test?
Urine for culture and sensitivity (UA & CNS)
* Measures electrolytes and osmolarity
Name the methods used to study renal system/bladder
- Bladder scanner
- KUB (Kidneys, ureters and bladder) X-ray
- Ultrasound, CT, MRI
- Renal scan
- Renal biopsy (invasive)
What is: Urethritis Cystitis Prostatitis Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the: Urethra Bladder Prostate Kidneys
Signs and symptoms of UTI in older adults include
1: Mental confusion
- Unexplained falls
- Onset of incontinence
- Fever, ST, hypotension
- Loss of appetite
What is the most common cause for a bladder infection?
Bacteria
List some non-surgical methods of management for UTIs
- Urinary elimination Q2H consistently
- Fluid consumption
- Diet - eliminate/reduce caffeine
- Sitz baths
- Cranberry juice = daily for 3-5 weeks for results
When is urethroplasty used?
For relief of urethral strictures (urethroplasty)
Interstitial cystitis is caused by an infection. True or false?
False: it is a chronic pelvic pain disorder where urine seeps through to the bladder wall.
What is the one medication approved to treat interstitial cystitis (IC)?
Elmiron (pentosan)
List the clinical manifestations for prostatitis
Fever, chills, pain, urinary hesitation, low back/perineal pain, premature ejaculation
What does TURP mean?
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
aka “Roto Rooter”
What are the two incisions used for a prostatectomy (removal of the prostate)
Retropubic - from umbilicus to top of pubic area
Perineal - between scrotum and anus
This type of incontinence involves the involuntary loss of urine during physical exertion or when coughing, sneezing or laughing.
Stress incontinence
This type of incontinence includes a strong urge to void accompanied by involuntary loss.
Urge incontinence “Overactive Bladder”
_______________ incontinence is when a patient is unable to empty their bladder and overflow leaks out unexpectedly.
Overflow incontinence
