Slides 24

Question 1

fungal phyla

Answer 1

true 5 phyla; based on mode of sexual reproduction and molecular data

Question 2

polyphyletic

Answer 2

unrelated fungi that reproduce without a sexual cycle and are placed in basal group

Question 3

cryptomycetes

Answer 3

basal fungi, soils marine freshwater, members from rozella parasitize protists and fungi, UNICELLULAR and FLAGELLATED SPORES

Question 4

microsporidians

Answer 4

basal group, UNICELLULAR INTRACELLULAR PARASITES of protists and animals, highly reduced mitochondria and small genomes, produce polar tubule (infect host cell via harpoon-like organelle)

Question 5

chydriomycota

Answer 5

true phyla, simplest and most primitive, ecological habitat and cell structure similar to protists, have FLAGELLATED SPORES, ZOOSPORES

Question 6

zoopagomycota

Answer 6

900 species, form coenocytic hyphae and reproduce asexually via NON-FLAGELLATED SPORES; those that reproduce sexually form zygosporangium that houses and protects zygote

Question 7

KNOW ZOOPAGOMYCOTA REPRODUCTION

Answer 7

ss

Question 8

zoopagomycota/mucuroomycota plasmogamy

Answer 8

mating type mycelia meet and fuse aka sex, sexual incompatibility is determined by molecular recognition mechanism controlled by a single mating-type locus; fusion between mycelia of different mating types produces zygosporangium

Question 9

zoopagomycota/mucuromycota karyogamy

Answer 9

two nuclei fuse and then undergo meiosis to produce spores; non-flagellated due to transition from aquatic to terrestrial

Question 10

zygosporangia

Answer 10

metabolically inactive and resistant ti freezing and drying, meiosis occurs when conditions improve and zygosporangium germinates into a sporangium

Question 11

sporangium

Answer 11

develop at the tips of the upright hyphae and functions to release spores

Question 12

Ascomycota

Answer 12

SAC FUNGI, true phyla, 90,000 species, form septate hyphae with pores, vary (unicellular yeast, cup fungi, morels)

Question 13

asci

Answer 13

saclike structure where spores are produced

Question 14

ascocarps

Answer 14

during sexual stage, ascomycetes produce these fruiting bodies, which contain spore-forming asci

Question 15

ascomycete asexual reproduction

Answer 15

by enormous number of asexual spores called conidia, which are produced at the tips of specialized hyphae called conidiophores

Question 16

ascomycete sexual reproduction

Answer 16

mycelium from different mating types fuse, dikaryotic cells formed containing two haploid nuclei from each parent, asci form at tips oof dikaryotic hyphae and karyogamy and meiosis occur within asci; ascospores develop and are discharged from ascocarp

Question 17

basiciomycota

Answer 17

true phyla, defined by clublike structure called basidium a cell in which karyogamy and meiosis occur; mushrooms and puffballs and self fungi, life cycle includes long-lived dikaryotic mycelium

Question 18

basiciomycota dikaryotic mycelium

Answer 18

can reproduce sexually by producing fruiting bodies called basidiocarps

Question 19

mass production of spores

Answer 19

moisture and good environmental conditions

Question 20

fungi as decomposers

Answer 20

efficient of breaking down organic material such as cellulose and lignin and are some of few able to

Question 21

fungus-plant mutualisms

Answer 21

plants have symbiotic endophytes which are fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts; most are ascomycetes; some make toxins to defend, some help plant tolerate heat, drought, or heavy metals

Question 22

fungus-animal mutualisms

Answer 22

fun fungi share digestive services wit animals, help break down plant material in guts of cattle, many ants use digestive power of fungi by raising them in farms (give plants for nibbles on hyphae)

Question 23

lichens

Answer 23

symbiotic associations between photosynthetic microorganisms (cyanobacteria or algae) and fungi (ascomycetes); grow on rocks, rotting logs, trees, and roofs; given names like single organisms

Question 24

lichen reproduction

Answer 24

reproduce asexually by fragmentation or by formation nof soredia, small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae, fungal partner of lichens can sexually reproduce

Question 25

fungi as parasites

Answer 25

30% of fungi are parasites of pathogens on or in plants, 10%-50% of fruit harvest lost to fungi; animals lest susceptible, chytrid and amphibian extinction; cause severe skin infections

Question 26

cytridiomycosis

Answer 26

fatal skin disease caused by chytrid fungal pathogens as amphibian cannot regulate water moving through permeable skin, NO BREATHE IN SKIN

Question 27

practical uses of fungi

Answer 27

food and used to make cheeses, penicillium produces penicillin, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections