Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy terms + materials > slideshows 1 + 2 > Flashcards

slideshows 1 + 2 Flashcards

(122 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of form and structure within the body (things that can be felt/seen such as bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

physiology

A

the study of how the forms and structures within the body work together (explained by the anatomy of an organism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gross anatomy

A

the study of large body structures VISIBLE to the naked eye (radiologists have to study this because they look at individual organs/bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure…

A

dictates function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

form…

A

follows function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are anatomy and physiology studied together?

A

they are inseparable BECAUSE function always reflects structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is an example of function reflecting structure?

A

blood flows in one direction throughout the heart because there are valves preventing backflow! OR food is compressed throughout the large intestine and colon because the large intestine and colon both have enzymes that break down the food while also compressing food into a lump.. etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

regional gross anatomy

A

all structures of a particular region of the body that are studied at the same time (bones/nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

systemic gross anatomy

A

body structure is studied “system by system” (gastrointestinal system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

surface gross anatomy

A

the study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (radial pulse at wrist, carotid pulse at neck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

developmental anatomy

A

traces structural changes that occur throughout the body with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

embryology

A

a sub division under developmental anatomy that concerns changes before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pathologic anatomy

A

studies structural changes caused by disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

studies internal structures as visualized by x-ray images or other scanning procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

delas with structures too small to be seem by the eye alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

histology

A

the study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

properties common to all organisms

A

organizations, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, regulation, and reproduction (3 R’s, OMGD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

organization

A

all organisms exhibit a complex structure and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ANABOLISM

A

SMALL molecules joined to form LARGER ones (muscle mass build up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CATABOLISM

A

LARGE molecules broken down into SMALLER ones (digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

growth and development

A

organisms assimilate materials from environment to gain nutrients and grow and develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to sense and react to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
regulation
ability to adjust internal bodily function to accommodate environment changes
26
homeostasis
ability to maintain body structure and function (body temp)
27
reproduction
ability to produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair (GMR) and gametes can develop into new organisms
28
respiration
obtaining O2, removing CO2, releasing energy from food
29
absorption
passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
30
circulation
movement of substances in body fluids
31
assimilation
changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
32
excretion
removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
33
order of SIMPLE to most COMPLEX
atoms/molecules --> organelles --> cells (smallest living units of structure and function within the body) --> tissue (made up of multiple cells) --> organ (made up of multiple tissues 3+) --> organ system level (made up of multiple organs) --> organismal level (made up of all organ systems working together)
34
tissues
groups of similar cells with a common function or functions
35
epithelial tissue
covers body surface and cavities (think of egg shell protecting yolk)
36
muscle tissue
provides movement (muscle=movement)
37
connective tisssue
supports and protects body (CSP)
38
nervous tissue
found within the brain and provides communication
39
11 organ systems in body...
cardiovascular, lymphatic, endocrine, skeletal, muscular, integumentary, nervous, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive
40
anatomic position
standing upright, palms out, thumbs lateral (away), pinkies medial (toward midline
41
sections
actual cut or slice that exposes internal anatomy
42
plane
imaginary flat surface passing through the body
43
coronal (frontal) plane
slices body into a front and back
44
transverse (cross-sectional) plane
slices the body into a superior and inferior parts
45
midsagittal plane
goes equally down the middle of the body and separates it into a left and right half
46
parasagittal plane
divides into left and right sections but are not equal
47
oblique plane
passes through a structure at an angle
48
anterior/ventral
front
49
posterior/dorsal
back
50
axial region
head, neck and trunk --> forms the main vertical axis of the body (axis-axial)
51
appendicular region
upper and lower limbs (arms and legs)
52
proximal
body parts close to the point of reference (elbow proximal to wrist)
53
distal (wrist is distal to elbow)
body parts further away from the point of reference
54
medial
closer to the midline or center of body
55
lateral
further away from midline or center of body
56
caudal
toward the rear or tail end (the glutes are caudal to the head)
57
rostral
toward the mouth or nose (frontal lobe of brain is rostral to the back of the head)
58
ipsilateral
on the same side (right arm to right leg)
59
contralateral
on opposite side (right arm to left leg)
60
deep
closer to the inside internally (heart is deep to rib cage)
61
superficial
closer to the outside (skin is superficial to biceps)
62
proximal
closer point of attachment to the trunk (elbow is proximal to hand)
63
ventral cavity
made up of thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity and is separated by the DIAPRAGM
64
cavities
enclose internal organs
65
posterior aspect
completely encased in bone, very distinct from ventral cavities, subdivided into cranial and vertebral canal
66
cranial cavity (pa)
formed by bones of cranium and houses the brain
67
vertebral canal
formed by the bones of the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord
68
ventral cavity
LARGER than posterior cavity, does not completely encase organs in bone (has diaphragm, etc.) AND LINED WITH SEROUS MEMBRANES
69
layers of serous membranes
parietal and visceral
70
parietal layer
lines internal surface of body wall (parents outside in college)
71
visceral layer
covers external surface of organs (viscera) vampire would love to be close to organs
72
serous cavity
space BETWEEN membranes
73
serous FLUID
acts as lubricant to reduce friction and stickiness
74
mediastinum
median space in thoracic cavity= contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart
75
pericardium
two layered serous membrane= parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
76
parietal pericardium
outer layer that forms a sac around heart (parents outside in college)
77
visceral pericardium
forms the heart's external surface (where a vampire would love to be)p
78
pericardial cavity
space BETWEEN parietal and visceral layers with serous fluid
79
pleura
tow layered serous membrane associated with LUNGS (phlegm)
80
abdominal cavity
superior area with most of the digestive system organs, kidneys, and most of the ureters
81
pelvic cavity
inferior area between hip bones with distal part of large intestine, remainder of ureters and urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs
82
peritoneum
two layered serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity
83
8/23/23 differentiation
where cells specialize, which makes them all different shapes with different functions
84
what do all cells have in common?
cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrand
85
ex of irregular shaped cell
neuron
86
ex of cube shaped cell
kidney
87
ex of biconcave disk
red blood cells
88
ex of column cell
intestinal lining
89
ex of spherical cell
cartilage
90
ex of cylindrical cells
skeletal muscle cells
91
cilia
stationed at the base of a cell but its function is to sweep things away like pollen and dust
92
microvilli
is function is to absorb and increase surface area --> found in the stomach and digestive tracts
93
what cell has all the organelles?
there is no cell like that
94
cytosol
cytoplasm (watery gel that keeps organelles in place)
95
phospholipid
loves water, found on the outside of a cell with extracellular fluid around it
96
fibers...
help a cell keep its shape
97
proteins...
acts as a receptor to chemicals trying to enter the cell
98
endoplasmic reticulum
acts as a highway and connects to the plasmic and nuclear membrane (smooth and rough)
99
rough er
lined with ribosomes that make and transport proteins
100
smooth er
without ribosomes and creates lipids
101
golgi apparatus
membranous structure that stacks -->transports vesicles that leave the cell and has digestive enzymes within it, also has a phospholipid bilayer
102
lysosome
made in the GA and breaks down anything that enters the cell, and gets rid of old organelles
103
peroxisomes
there are less of these than lysosomes but they are found in the membrane and are pinched off of the rough er
104
endomembrane
includes the er, ga, vesicles, lysosomes, and perozisomes
105
mitochondria
double membrane, creates ATP from glucose
106
cristae
inward folds of the mitochondria
107
ribosomes
make protein and rna
108
centrosome
2 centrioles
109
centrioles
separate to two poles for mitosis and create tubulin
110
what is the order of mitosis
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
111
tight junction
made of protein that prevents external substances to come inside of the cell
112
gap junction
forms tiny passageways between the cells to allow substances to pass through
113
desmosomes
proteins that create a tight junction
114
microfliaments
smallest part of cytoskeleton, actin protein monomers in twisted filaments, maintains cell shape, supports internal support, and helps w cell division
115
microtubules
largest part of the cytoskeleton, made of TUBLIN
116
nucleotides are linked by
PHOSPHOLIPID bonds
117
nuclear protein that makes double helix
histones
118
the functions of membrane proteins
CIESTA- cell to cell recognition, intercellular joining, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, transport, and attachment
119
cisternae
elongated saclike membranous structure in the golgi apparatus
120
stem cell
self renews into any type of cell needed in the body
121
progenitor
a type of stem cell that is committed to one type of cell
122

anatomy terms + materials (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions