SLR 13

Question 1

What are different data types used for?

Answer 1

Different data types takes up different amounts of memory,, so the correct data types must be used to optimise program performance

Question 2

What is an integer?

Answer 2

A whole number

Question 3

What is a Real/Float?

Answer 3

Any non-integer number

Question 4

What is a Boolean?

Answer 4

True or False

Question 5

What is a character?

Answer 5

Represents any alphanumerical symbols

Question 6

What is a string?

Answer 6

Represents a collection of characters

Question 7

What is a primitive data type?

Answer 7

Any basic data type provided by a language as a foundational building block

Question 8

What does casting mean?

Answer 8

Changing a data type into another

Question 9

How is data represented in RAM

Answer 9

Through 0s and 1s

Question 10

How is data stored in a hard disk?

Answer 10

Through magnetism. 1 represents South and 0 represents North

Question 11

How is data stored in optical media?

Answer 11

On a disk which is read using a laser

Question 12

How is data stored in an SSD?

Answer 12

Uses electricity and electrons. 0s and 1s represent if electrons are trapped or not

Question 12

What is Base 2?

Answer 12

Binary

Question 13

What is base 10?

Answer 13

Denary

Question 14

What is base 16?

Answer 14

Hexadecimal

Question 15

What do positive numbers start with in sign and magnitude?

Answer 15

0

Question 16

What do negative numbers start with in sign and magnitude?

Answer 16

1

Question 17

How does Sign and Magnitude work?

Answer 17

The last number in a binary sequence (usually 128) is replaced by a -/+ to make a number a positive or a negative

Question 18

How does Hexadecimal work?

Answer 18

10 = A
11 = B
12 = C
etc….

Question 19

What is hex used for in CS?

Answer 19

To turn larger digits into smaller and simpler ones to save space and to make the numbers MUCH easier to read

Question 20

What is floating binary point?

Answer 20

Storing numbers using a fractional component such as 6.5 to extend the number line from left to right

Question 21

How can floating binary point numbers be made more accurate?

Answer 21

Moving the binary point up and down the number line

Question 22

What are the benefits of floating binary points?

Answer 22

With less fractions larger numbers can be stored but at the cost of reduced accuracy

With more fractions numbers can be stored with more precision with a reduced size

Question 23

What is the Mantissa?

Answer 23

The number itself

Question 24

What is the Exponent?

Answer 24

The position of the binary point in the number

Question 25

How does the Exponent work?

Answer 25

For example, if the exponent was 2, the binary point would be 2 points to the right

Question 26

What is the benefit of normalising a number?

Answer 26

Allows it to be represented, and assures that numbers can be stored with the highest possible decree of accuracy

Question 27

What do positive normalised numbers begin with?

Answer 27

01

Question 28

What do negative normalised numbers begin with?

Answer 28

10

Question 29

How does a computer store fractions?

Answer 29

They are converted into decimal form, then stored using binary numbers

Question 30

What does a normalised floating point binary number mean?

Answer 30

A number changed to be able to be represented by binary digits

Question 31

How do you add two normalised floating point numbers?

Answer 31

1. Work out where the binary point should be in each number using its exponent 2. Line both numbers up on the normal binary number so that the binary points are in the same position 3. Add the numbers up in the normal way, following the rules of binary addition

Question 32

What is a character set?

Answer 32

A collection of characters recognised by a computer used by their binary codes

Question 33

Why are 7 bits needed for a characters code?

Answer 33

To store uppercase, lowercase numbers, including symbols and punctuation

Question 34

What are some examples of character sets?

Answer 34

ASCII Extended ASCII Unicode

Question 35

What is a multilingual character set?

Answer 35

A character set which includes alphanumerical symbols for a very large range of languages

Question 36

How do Bitwise Masks work?

Answer 36

They can be AND, OR or XOR and you need to apply those logic gates to two given 8 bit binary sequences

Question 37

How does binary subtraction work?

Answer 37

1 - 0 = 1 1 - 1 = 0 0 - 0 = 0 0 -1 = 1