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compsci 3 > slr11 - networks > Flashcards

slr11 - networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network

A

A group of connected computers

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2
Q

What are the advantages of networks

A

Users can share files and peripherals
Servers can control security and software updates
Communication over the network is easier

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of networks

A

Increased security risks
If the server fails, connected devices may also fail
Computer may run slower if a lot of devices are connected

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4
Q

Why are standards required for devices on a network

A

Without them devices wouldnt be able to communicate with each other

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5
Q

What are standards

A

A set of hardware and software specifications that allow manufactures to create products that are compatible with each other

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6
Q

What is the purpose of layers

A

Separating the process of sending files over a network into several steps so that hardware can be made at each layer

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7
Q

What are the 4 layers of the TCP/IP stack

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Link

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8
Q

Name a protocol that operates at the application layer

A

HTTP/S, IMAP

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9
Q

Name a protocol that operates at the transport layer

A

TCP

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10
Q

What is the name of the protocol that operates at the internet layer

A

IP

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11
Q

What is used at the link layer

A

Wi-Fi/Fibre optic

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12
Q

Describe the application layer

A

The application that the user interacts with

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13
Q

Describe the transport layer

A

Sets up communication between 2 hosts

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14
Q

Describe the internet layer

A

Addresses and packages data for transmission

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15
Q

Describe the link layer

A

Network hardware and connection port standards

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16
Q

Give 2 differences between LANs and WANs

A

Larger geographical area vs smaller geographical area
WANs have slower transfer speed

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17
Q

What is a URL

A

the full address of an internet resource. it specifies the resources location name and type so that a browser can request it

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18
Q

What are internet registries

A

Companies that hold details of all existing website domains

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19
Q

What is a fully qualified domain name

A

A domain name that includes the host servers name

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20
Q

What does the IP address indicate

A

Where a packet has been sent to or from

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21
Q

What is an IP address

A

A unique numerical code that is assigned to a network device

22
Q

What does a domain name identify

A

The area or domain that an internet resource resides in

23
Q

What does DNS stand for

A

Domain name system

24
Q

What is linked to every domain name

A

One or more IP addresses

25
Q

What is the DNS responsible for

A

Cataloging all domain names and IP addresses in a series of global directories

26
Q

Describe a WAN

A

A network of inter-connected networks that are connected over a large geographical area. Usually defined as one that is relies on 3rd party connections

27
Q

Describe a physical bus topology

A

All computers are connected to a single cable

28
Q

Advantages of a bus topology

A

Inexpensive to install as it requires less cable

29
Q

Disadvantages of a bus topology

A

If the main cable fails then data cannot be transmitted
Performance degrades with heavy traffic
All computers on the network can see all data transmissions

30
Q

Describe a physical star topology

A

A network with a central node that acts as a router to transmit messages

31
Q

Where are the MAC addresses of all the devices stored in a star topology

A

In the central switch

32
Q

Advantages of a star topology

A

If one connection fails, the network still works
There is consistent performance regardless of how much the network is being used
Each station has its own connection to the main server
The system is more secure as messages cannot be intercepted by other stations
It is easy to add new stations to the network

33
Q

Disadvantages of a star topology

A

Can be difficult to install and maintain
If the central server fails then the entire network is broken

34
Q

Describe the difference between physical and logical topologies

A

A physical topology is the actual layout of the network whereas a logical topology refers to how the data is transferred

35
Q

Describe a mesh network topology

A

All computers in the network are connected directly to all other computer

36
Q

Advantages of a mesh topology

A

Easy to add new computers to the network
Data does not need to pass through a central switch

37
Q

Describe circuit switching

A

A direct link is created between the devices for the duration of the communication

38
Q

Disadvantages of circuit switching

A

Bandwidth is wasted when no data is being sent
The devices must use the same transfer rate

39
Q

Advantages of circuit switching

A

Packets always arrive in the same order that they are sent which simplifies the process of arranging them at each end

40
Q

Describe packet switching

A

Packets are broadcast across a network and are rearranged into order when they arrive at their destination

41
Q

What is stored in a packet

A

A header and payload

42
Q

What is stored in the header

A

The sender and recipients MAC and IP addresses
The protocol that is being used
The number of the packet in the sequence
The amount of time after which the data is discarded

43
Q

What is stored in the payload of a packet

A

The actual data being sent

44
Q

What is the success of packet switching reliant on

A

The packets being sent along the least congested route

45
Q

Why is packet switching faster than circuit switching

A

All the packets are sent along the least congested route

46
Q

Why is the senders IP address included in the packet header

A

Lots of protocols have to send data back to the person who sent it

47
Q

Describe the application layer

A

Sits at the top of the stack and provides the interface for users

48
Q

Describe the transport layer

A

Uses TCP to establish an end to end connection with the other computer
The data is then split into packets

49
Q

Describe the internet layer

A

Adds the source and destination IP addresses

50
Q

Describe the link layer

A

The physical connection between network nodes and adds the MAC addresses identifying the NIC cards of the source and destination computers

51
Q

What happens to packets once they arrive at their destination

A

The headers on the packets are stripped of in reverse order by which they were added

52
Q

Describe FTP

A

A high level protocol in the application layer

compsci 3 (29 decks)

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