Question 1

Which blood pressure medications are most likley to cause depression and decreases in energy?

Accepted Answer

Centrally acting agents: work to inhibit sympathetic outflow from the presynaptic neuron Methyldopa Clonidine (alpha-2 receptor agonist) Guanabenz Guanfacine

Question 2

What is a rare but serious side effect of sodium nitroprusside?

Accepted Answer

Cyanide toxicity

Question 3

Which of the following medications are NOT shown to have a mortality benefit in patients with HFrEF? A.Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) B.Metoprolol succinate (beta-blocker) C.Lisinopril (ACE-inhibitor) D.Spironolactone (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist)

Accepted Answer

A: Amlodipine (and other Ca2+ channel blockers) Not shown to reduce mortality in patients with HFrEF

Question 4

A patient is in cardiogenic shock with low flow and high resistance Which of the following medications would be appropriate? A. (oral) Hydralazine B. Amlodipine C. Intravenous Nitroglycerin D. Minoxidil E. Nitroprusside

Accepted Answer

E. Nitroprusside Results in immediate vasodilation; useful in hypertensive emergency, acute decompensated heart failure

Question 5

If a patient's blood pressure is 115/75, what is their estimated mean arterial pressure?

Accepted Answer

~88 Mean arterial pressure = (2\ DBP + SBP)/3

Question 6

A patient on an ACE-inhibitor complains of thick/heavy tongue, swollen lips, and hoarseness. What is happening? Is it serious? Who is most likley to have this side effect

Accepted Answer

Angioedema Very serious Women and African Americans

Question 7

Which NYHA classification of heart failure is described below? "Marked limitation of physical activity, comforable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes symptoms"

Accepted Answer

Class III

Question 8

__________ is the only food that decreases the amount of biliary choloseterol that is produced by the body

Accepted Answer

_Fiber_ is the only food that decreases the amount of biliary choloseterol that is produced by the body

Question 9

Which NYHA classification of heart failure is described below? "No limitation of physical activity - ordinary physical activity does not cause symptoms"

Accepted Answer

Class I

Question 10

What electrolyte abnormalities are associeated with thiazide-type diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Act on distal convoluted tubule Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia ​ Hypercalcemia Hyperuricemia

Question 11

A patient is showing signs of acute decompensated heart failure. You order furosemide 80 mg intravenously x 1. The patient feels better almost immediately. What is the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of furosemide within minutes?

Accepted Answer

Acute pulmonary venodilation Increased venous capacitance immediately. This reduces venous return -\> reduces LV filling -\> reduces pulmonary edema

Question 12

Which blood pressure measurement (systolic or diastolic) is most indicative of CVD risk?

Accepted Answer

Systolic Diastolic can inform us of risk of renal disease, but in treating hypertension cardiologists mostly focus on systolic BP

Question 13

What LDL level (mg/dL) constitutes the upper limit of acquired hypercholesterolemia?

Accepted Answer

160 mg/dL Anything above this likely indicates familial hypercholesterolemia

SM 145a - Cases in Hypertension and Heart Failure Flashcards

Some images and questions are from Dr. Mutharasan and Dr. Yancy's SM 145a - Cases in Hypertension and Heart Failure powerpoint

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

SM 145a - Cases in Hypertension and Heart Failure Flashcards

Some images and questions are from Dr. Mutharasan and Dr. Yancy's SM 145a - Cases in Hypertension and Heart Failure powerpoint

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM