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Positioning Spring 2015 > Small Bowel Studies > Flashcards

Small Bowel Studies Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

small intestine begins where

A

at the pyloric valve

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2
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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3
Q

duodenum

A

shortest, widest and most fixed

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4
Q

where does the duodenum join the jejunum

A

at the duodenojejunal flexure

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5
Q

jejunum

A

makes up 2/5ths of sm intestine

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6
Q

where does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur

A

jejunum

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7
Q

in the jejunum what aids in absorption

A

plicae circulares

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8
Q

ileum

A

distal 3/5ths of sm intestine

longest portion

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9
Q

the last portion of the ileum is called

A

the terminal ileum

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10
Q

where does the ileum join the large intestine

A

at the ileocecal valve

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11
Q

what does the ileocecal valve do

A

controls the flow of chyme from the ileum to the cecum

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12
Q

what quadrants does the duodenum lie

A

RUQ and LUQ

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13
Q

what quadrants does the jejunum lie

A

LUQ and LLQ

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14
Q

what quadrants does the ileum lie

A

RUQ RLQ and LLQ

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15
Q

what does the large intestine consist of

A

cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

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16
Q

how long is the large intestine

A

about 5 feet long

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17
Q

Colon consists of

A 
ascending colon 
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon 
hepatic flexure 
splenic flexure
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18
Q

are the ascending colon and descending colon retroperitoneal structures

A

YES

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19
Q

cecum

A

blind pouch inferior to the iliocecal valve

widest portion of large intestine

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20
Q

appendix (vermiform appendix)

A

attatched to cecum

opening may become obstructed and lead to appendicitis

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21
Q

appendicitis is 1 and 1/2 times more common in men that women

A

TRUE

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22
Q

what position best demonstrates the right hepatic flexure

A

LPO or RAO

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23
Q

what position best demonstrates the left splenic flexure

A

RPO or LAO

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24
Q

at the brim of the pelvis, the descending colon makes an s shaped curve and becomes

A

the sigmoid colon

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25
the sigmoid colon becomes the rectum at the level of
S3
26
rectal ampulla
dilated portion of the rectum anterior to coccyx
27
anal canal direction
downward and back
28
taenia coli
ribbions of smooth muscle | creates the haustra
29
haustra
pouches or sacs formed by the puckering of the taenia coli
30
where is the cecum located
intraperitoneal
31
where is the ascending colon located
retroperitoneal
32
where is the transverse colon located
intraperitoneal
33
where is the descending colon located
retroperitoneal
34
where is the sigmoid colon located
intraperitoneal
35
where is the upper rectum located
retroperitoneal
36
where is the lower rectum located
infraperitoneal
37
in the supine position where does the air go
air in the transverse colon and sigmoid colon
38
in the prone position where does the air go
air in the ascending, and descending colon and in the rectum
39
what are the 4 primary functions of the large and small intestine
1. digestion (mechanical and chemical) 2. absorption 3. reabsorption 4. elimination
40
what is the #1 primary function of the large intestine
defacation
41
gases are called flatus and help to break down
proteins to amino acids
42
mechanical digestion of small intestine
``` peristalsis (wavelike contractions) rhythmic segmentation (mixing) ```
43
mechanical digestion of the large intestine
1. peristalsis 2. haustral churning 3. mass peristalsis 4. defecation
44
small bowel series
radiographic study of the small intestine
45
small bowel follow through
when a small bowel series is combined with an UGI
46
purpose of a small bowel series
to study the form and function of the three components of the small bowel and detect abnormal conditions
47
contraindications for a small bowel series
perforated hollow viscus examples: diverticulitits/ ulcer possible large bowel obstruction
48
clinical indications | why we perform SB series (10)
``` enteritits regional enteritis giardiasis ileus meckel's diverticulum neoplasm carcinoid tumors spru and malabsorption syndromes celiac disease whipple's disease ```
49
enteritis
inflammation of small intestine
50
regional enteritis (chron's disease)
form of inflammatory bowel disease causes scarring and thickening of bowel wall produces a cobblestone look radiographically
51
giardiasis
infection of small intestine caused by flagellate protosoan | radiographically produces dilation of intestine/ thickened plicae circulares
52
ileus
obstruction of small intestine
53
2 types of ileus
adynamic | mechanical
54
adynamic ileus
cessation/ ending of peristalsis | bowel is flaccid/ soft
55
mechanical ileus
physical blockage of bowel | caused by tumors, adhesion, hernia
56
meckel's diverticulum
congential defect found in ileum outpouching of intestinal wall best diagnosed in nuclear med
57
neoplasm
new growth
58
carcinoid tumors
cancerous tumors | most common site is duodenum and proximal jejunum
59
spru and malabsorption syndromes
GI tract is unable to process and absorb certain nutrients | radiographically looks like thickening of mucosal folds
60
celiac disease
form of malabsorption disease that affects the proximal small bowel
61
whipple's disease
affects proximal small bowel
62
4 methods to study small bowel
1. UGI 2. small bowel only series 3. enteroclysis 4. intubation method
63
upper GI w/ small bowel combination
routine UGI first pt. ingests 2nd cup of barium 30 minute PA abdomen radiographs taken until barium reaches large bowel
64
small bowel only series
scout KUB 2 cups of barium ingested 15-30 minute radiograph until barium reaches large bowel 1 hour interval radiographs if more time needed spot imaging
65
enteroclysis clinical indications
ileus chron's disease malabsorption syndrome
66
enteroclysis procedure
double contrast special enteroclysis catheter advanced to duodenojejunal junction air instilled to distend small intestine fluoro spot images
67
intubation method
single contrast nasogastric tube placed through nose to the jejunum water soluble iodinated or thin mixture barium instilled conventional radiographs or fluoro images taken at specific time intervals
68
2 types of intubation methods
``` diagnostic intubation (uses single lumen catheter) therapeutic intubation (uses double lumen catheter) ```
69
how much Kv do you need to penetrate the barium in a SB series
100-125 Kv
70
overheadx of SB series are done prone because
allows abdominal compression to separate loops of bowel
71
what can be done for an asthenic patient for a SB series
trendelenburg to separate overlapping loops of bowel

Positioning Spring 2015 (6 decks)

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