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Alimentary > Small intestine > Flashcards

Small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What does GALT stand for ?

A

Gut associated lymphoid tissue

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2
Q

How is the small intestine investigated ?

A 
CT scan 
MRI
Capsule endoscopy 
Endoscopy (duodenum)
H2 breath tests or cultures
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3
Q

What does Vit A deficiency lead to ?

A

Night blindness

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4
Q

What does Vit K deficiency cause ?

A

Increase in PT time so takes longer for blood to clot

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5
Q

What does a decrease in Vit C lead to ?

A

Scurvy

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6
Q

What does lack of Vit B cause ?

A

Memory problems

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7
Q

What does lack of Vit D and Ca lead to ?

A

Tetany and osteomalacia

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8
Q

What diseases commonly show with mouth ulcers and clubbing ?

A

Crohn’s disease and Coeliac

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9
Q

What is it that people with Coeliac’s are allergic to ?

A

Gliadin in gluten

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10
Q

How would you treat someone with Coeliac’s ?

A

Gluten free diet and refer to a dietician

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11
Q

What is Coeliac’s disease associated with ?

A

PBC and type 1 diabetes

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12
Q

What disease is dermatitis herpetiformis linked to ?

A

Coeliac’s disease

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13
Q

How do you test for Coeliac’s looking at antibodies and what is the problem?

A

IgA, some people don’t make it so have to look to see if they produce it first. IgA is produced when your body is attacking its own tissues

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14
Q

What other tests are done for Coeliac’s ?

A

Duodenal biopsy to look for villous atrophy
Anti-gliadin in children
HLA can be used to rule out Coeliac’s disease

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15
Q

Define maldigestion

A

Defective hydrolysis of nutrients

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16
Q

Define malabsorption

A

Defective uptake/absorption of nutrients

17
Q

What is tropical sprue ?

A

An infection that causes malabsorption and folate deficiency

18
Q

How is tropical sprue treated ?

A

Tetracycline

19
Q

Who does Whipple’s disease effect ?

A

Middle aged men’s skin, joints and brain. Presents with weight loss and pain.

20
Q

What organism causes Whipple’s disease ?

A

Tropheryma whipplei

21
Q

How do you treat Whipple’s disease ?

A

Tetracycline

22
Q

What other things than infections cause malabsorption ? (4)

A

Surgery
Radiation
Diabetes
CF

23
Q

How is a small bacterial overgrowth tested and treated ?

A

H2 breath test and rotating antibiotics - Amoxicillin, tetracycline and metronidazole for 2 weeks each alongside supplements

24
Q

How is peritonitis investigated ?

A

Paracentesis
CT scan
X-Ray
Blood tests

25
Q

Define acute abdomen

A

The sudden onset of intense abdominal pain that has been present for less than 24 hours

26
Q

What things present as an acute abdomen ?

A

Ischemia
Obstruction
Peritonitis
Bleeding

27
Q

How is an acute abdomen usually treated ?

A

Via surgery

Alimentary (12 decks)

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