Small mammals 1 pt 4

Question 1

gerbil sebaceous gland location

Answer 1

ventral abdominal

Question 2

hamster sebaceous gland location, type

Answer 2

– androgen-dependent dorsal flank

Question 3

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- tail characteristics

Answer 3

• R, M – long and hairless
• G – long and hairy, degloving
• H – short and hairy

Question 4

gerbil footpads

Answer 4

• G – hindfeet covered in fur, cannot grip

Question 5

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- how much mammary tissue

Answer 5

extensive, tactile vibrissae

Question 6

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- musculoskeletal characteristics

Answer 6

• G – long hindlegs, good jumpers * All – delicate skeleton, os penis

Question 7

ventral marking gland or pad in gerbils - what is this?

Answer 7

• Gerbils of both sexes have a distinct orange-tan oval area of alopecia on the midventral region
• The gland is androgen-dependent and therefore more prominent in males.

Question 8

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- eyes and their glands, characteristics

Answer 8

• All – harderian glands, porphyrin → chromodacryorrhea (red lacrimal secretion)
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• R – protruding, reduced nictitating membrane (plica semilunaris)
• R – retro-orbital venous plexus
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• M, H – retro-orbital venous sinus

Question 9

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- ear gland

Answer 9

Zymbal’s gland – auditory
sebaceous gland

Question 10

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- nose gland

Answer 10

• Steno’s gland – lateral nasal gland

Question 11

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- diet

Answer 11

• Various, often omnivorous
• Some coprophagy, B vitamins

Question 12

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
* OralCavity

Answer 12

• Small mouth
• H – cheek pouches, feed and bedding

Question 13

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- teeth

Answer 13

• 2 x (I1/1 C0/0 PM0/0 M3/3) = 16
• Only incisors are aradicular elodont
  – lower > upper
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  Molars are:
• Brachyodont: short clinical crown
• Anelodont: not continuously growing
• Bunodont: occlusal surface with rounded enamel cusps

Question 14

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- intestines structure and function

Answer 14

Structure
* Relatively smaller cecum
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Function
* R – some cecal fermentation
* G – desert animal, efficient water absorption

Question 15

what myomorph has no gall bladder?

Answer 15

rat

Question 16

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- breathing

Answer 16

obligate nasal

Question 17

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- gerbil and hamster kidney considerations

Answer 17

• G – 96% long loop nephrons, concentrated urine
• H – concentrated urine

Question 18

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- male urogneital characteristics

Answer 18

• Open inguinal canals
• Urethral plug

Question 19

Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters
- uterus

Answer 19

Bicornuate uterus; level of fusion varies with species

Question 20

Ferrets
- type of animal
- general diet, lifestyle

Answer 20

• Mustelid
• Predator
• Carnivore
• Nocturnal
• Terrestrial and fossorial

Question 21

Ferrets skin
- hair and glands

Answer 21

• Heavy seasonal shed (Spring and Fall) – clipped hair
• Active sebaceous glands – musky, yellow/orange, oily
• Anal gland – often removed when 5-6 weeks old

Question 22

Ferret senses

Answer 22

Poor eyesight, great sense of
smell

Question 23

Ferrets GI - what can they do that lagomorphs and rodents can’t?

Answer 23

Can vomit (unlike lagomorphs and rodents)

Question 24

Ferrets teeth

Answer 24

• 2 x (I3/3 C1/1 PM3/3 M1/2) = 34
• All brachyodont, anelodont

Question 25

ferret digestive system

Answer 25

* Simple, no cecum or appendix * GI transit time 3-4 hours

Question 26

ferret pancreas shape

Answer 26

* V-shaped

Question 27

ferret spleen considerations

Answer 27

* Marked enlargement common – benign extramedullary hematopoiesis * Sequestration of blood with anesthetics

Question 28

ferret adrenals near what?

Answer 28

* Right near CVC

Question 29

Ferrets female repro system - uterus, vulva - estrus, related condition

Answer 29

– bicornuate uterus, single cervix; vulva can become swollen; persistent oestrus March-August, induced ovulators, bone marrow suppression <><> - prolonged estrus (over 1 month) > hyperestrogensism > medullar aplasia > death

Question 30

Sugar Gliders - type of animal - metabolism - unique body form

Answer 30

* Marsupial, omnivorous, nocturnal, arboreal * Metabolism – 2/3 placental (eutherian) mammals, cloacal temp. < body temp. * Patagium * Pouch – female, little to no epipubic bones

Question 31

Sugar Gliders - scent glands

Answer 31

* Scent glands – frontal (M), gular (M), paracloacal (M > F)

Question 32

sugar gliders teeth

Answer 32

* 2x (I3/2 C1/0 PM3/3 M4/4) = 40 * All brachyodont, anelodont * Diprodont – protruding lower incisors

Question 33

Sugar Gliders - GIT > cecum, what they ferment

Answer 33

* GIT – large cecum – ferment gum

Question 34

Hedgehogs - type of animal, diet, lifestyle

Answer 34

* Erinaceid, herbivorous (mainly insectivorous), nocturnal, terrestrial

Question 35

hedgehog metabolism unique thing

Answer 35

– torpor if excessively hot or cold

Question 36

hedgehog teeth

Answer 36

– anelodont, brachydont

Question 37

- hedgehog morphology and behaviour, top 2 things

Answer 37

* Spines – keratinous, hollow, follicles within skin (not quills) * Mantel, curling