small mammals 5 pt 3 "other rodents" Flashcards
(24 cards)
Diseases of Mice skin
- Behavioral – dominant barbering
- Husbandry-related
- Microbiologic and parasitic – skin mites common
- Idiopathic – black mice (C57BL/6)
resp disease of mice
- Mycoplasma pulmonis and Sendai virus
Gastrointestinal
Disease of mice
- Helicobacter–possible rectal prolapse
- Pinworms – ubiquitous, non-pathogenic
neoplasia of mice
- Mammary tumors
- Lymphoma,
- Primary lung tumors
zoonoses of mice
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Salmonellosis
- Leptospirosis
Chromodacryorrhea of gerbils
- Nasal dermatitis
Tyzzer’s Disease in gerbils
- Bacilluspiliformis
- Highlysusceptible
- Acutedeath
- Gastrointestinaland hepatic
Epileptiform Seizures in gerbils
- Inherited deficiency in glutamine synthetase
- 20 - 40%, start 2 months, outgrow
neoplasia in gerbils
- Ovaries or scent glands
hamster cheek gland issue
impaction
Proliferative Ileitis in hamsters
- Lawsoniaintracellularis * “WetTail”
- Can cause rectal prolapse
random diseases of hamsters
- Amyloidosis
- Cardiomyopathy
- Lymphoma
> Cutaneous
> Multicentric
Diseases of Chinchillas GI and dental
- GI Disease and Dysbiosis
- Dental Disease
- Intussusception and Rectal Tissue Prolapse
<><><><> - Dysbiosis, GI Disorders
- Gastrointestinal disorders leading to soft feces or diarrhea are less
prevalent in pet chinchillas compared with guinea pigs. - Any systemic disease or a painful or stressful condition may cause
secondary gastrointestinal problems. - Clinical syndromes include constipation, tympany, diarrhea,
intussusception, and rectal prolapse. - Feces smeared on the cage floor or matted, fecal-stained perianal
fur are often the first signs; may also be anorexic, dehydrated, and
depressed. - Identifying the underlying cause important - radiographs or CT, fecal
parasite examination, cytology, and culture for enteric opportunistic
pathogens (e.g., E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species). - Consider systemic parenteral antimicrobial therapy (e.g.,
enrofloxacin SC, then PO once eating) - Intestinal secondary yeast overgrowth, caused by Cyniclomyces
guttulatus (previously Saccharomycopsis guttulata), which lines the
stomach, is often seen as a secondary problem; nystatin treatment. - Provide fluids and nutritional support.
- Tympany
- Tympany of the stomach and intestines is less common in
chinchillas compared with guinea pigs or rabbits and is often secondary to gastroenteritis, dysbacteriosis, ileus, luminal
obstruction, or, rarely, intestinal torsion. - Distended and tense abdomen, lie on its side, shock; poor
prognosis. - Rectal Tissue Prolapse and Intussusception
- Frequently occur together, secondary to dysbacteriosis, enteritis, constipation, or diarrhea.
- Intussusception of the descending colon and rectum is associated with most cases of rectal prolapse; however, the small intestine can also be affected.
- Surgically correcting the intussusception is critical; poor prognosis; reoccurrence common.
- Esophageal Disorders
- Cannot vomit, so food items, bedding material and ingested
placentas can become stuck in the oropharynx and upper
esophagus. - Remove material quickly; good prognosis.
Diseases of Chinchillas penis
Paraphimosis
* Acute severe balanoposthitis or fur rings can lead to paraphimosis,
characterized by the prolapse of the glans penis from the prepuce.
* Anuria might develop secondary to inflammation and trauma due to (self-
)mutilation.
* Goal of treatment is to maintain or re-establish normal urination and to
preserve the glans penis.
* Attempt to replace but, if unable to do so, apply topical treatments until
swelling resolved.
* Amputation and perineal urethrostomy as last resort.
disease of chinchilla skin
Dermatophytosis
* Dermatophytosis (ringworm) in chinchillas is most commonly caused by
Trichophyton mentagrophytes, although Microsporum canis and
Microsporum gypseum have been reported.
* Scaly patches of alopecia on the nose, behind the ears, or on the forefeet.
* Diagnosis is made by dermatophyte culture (T. mentagrophytes does not
fluoresce under UV light).
* Topical or systemic therapy, until two negative cultures.
* zoonoses
cardiac murmurs in chinchillas
- Only limited information on cardiac diseases in chinchillas is available.
- Echocardiographic abnormalities reported include mitral valve insufficiency,
dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tricuspid valve insufficiency, and left ventricular hypertrophy; also, ventral septal defects and dilated cardiomyopathy. - While the prevalence of heart murmurs is high (23% in one study), reports on cardiac disease in chinchillas are rare; in many chinchillas, heart murmurs are considered benign.
- Diagnose and treat severe murmurs as for other species.
Tail Chewing in sugar gliders
- Self-mutilation of the tail, limbs, scrotum, and penis is common,
particularly in singly housed pet gliders. - Underlying causes include stress due to lack of socialization with other
gliders, disruption to normal nocturnal activity and daytime rest time, poor nutrition, and poor husbandry including caging that is too small, lacks enrichment, too noisy, or too cool. - Correct these underlying problems, treat wounds, may amputate tail; analgesics and antimicrobials, psychotropic medications, such as antidepressants, gabapentin, and even mild sedatives, to prevent further trauma; Elizabethan collars, bandaging, and custom-made jackets.
Nutritional Deficiencies in sugar gliders
- Nutritional osteodystrophy is a common cause of hind limb paresis and
paralysis. - Sugar gliders are nocturnal and rely on gut absorption of vitamin D3.
- Clinical presentation is sudden onset of hind limb paresis.
- Radiographs may reveal long bone, pelvic, and possible pathologic fractures
and vertebral osteoporosis. - Plasma biochemical changes include hypocalcaemia and hypoproteinemia.
- Often indicates a calcium-deficient diet comprised of mostly fruit and
minimal protein. - Treatment includes cage rest, parenteral calcium, and vitamin D3 with
dietary correction; analgesics; stabilize fractures. - Diets should contain 1% calcium, 0.5% phosphorous, and 1500 IU/kg
vitamin D3 on a dry weight basis; gut load insects.
blindness in sugar gliders
- Nutritional imbalances (hypovitaminosis A and hyperglycemia) and
congenital (hereditary) predisposition are both potential causes for cataracts in sugar gliders.
pneumonia in hedgehogs
Pneumonia
* Predisposing factors for upper and lower respiratory tract infection include
suboptimal environmental temperature; aromatic, dusty or unsanitary bedding; malnutrition; concurrent disease; and other causes of immunocompromise.
* Signs include nasal discharge, increased respiratory noise, dyspnea, lethargy, inappetence, and sudden death.
* Diagnostic testing includes radiographs, hematologic testing, and culture of lower respiratory tract samples.
* Treatment includes systemic antibiotics, nebulization, supportive care, and correction of husbandry problems.
neoplasia in hedgehog
Neoplasia (mainly oral, pulmonary, and reproductive)
* Neoplasms are extremely common; wide variety of tumors and
disseminated neoplastic processes affecting virtually every body system.
* Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most commonly reported
neoplasms; swelling of the maxillary or mandibular gingiva, loose or lost
teeth, gingivitis; often locally infiltrative.
* Other frequently reported neoplasms are mammary gland tumors,
alimentary lymphosarcomas, uterine tumors.
* Semi-annual examinations of adult animals are recommended.
Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome
- Wobbly hedgehog syndrome, also known as demyelinating paralysis, has
been increasingly reported since the mid-1990s in captive African hedgehogs, and a similar disease has been described in European hedgehogs. - One of the earliest indications is the inability to roll into a ball; present with mild ataxia, lack of coordination, becoming off balance and stumbling, tripping, or wobbling.
- More severe with time, and may include falling to one side, tremors, exophthalmos, scoliosis, seizures, muscle atrophy, and self-mutilation; paralysis ascends from hindlimbs to forelimbs in about 70% of the cases; ultimately leads to complete paralysis (9 to 15 months).
- Onset commonly occurs in animals under 2 years of age but can occur at any age (compared to intervertebral disk disease, usually seen in older animals).
- Death usually occurs within 18 to 25 months.
- Diagnosis at post-mortem - histopathologic lesions reveal vacuolization of
the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord
as well as neurogenic muscle atrophy. - Cause unknown, but familial tendency.
- Supportive care, euthanasia.
Quill Mites in hedgehogs
- Dermatologic disorders are the most common disorder affecting captive
African pygmy hedgehogs, with acariasis being extremely common. - Caparinia tripilis is the most common mite infesting pet hedgehogs; both
male and female mites have three long setae on the third pair of legs. - Subclinical infections, infested bedding.
- Signs include seborrhea, quill loss, hyperkeratosis, and white or brownish
crusts (mite droppings) at the base of the quills and around the eyes; some
pruritis. - Diagnose with skin scrapes.
- Treat with parasiticide and change bedding.
cardiomyopathy in hedgehogs
- Cardiomyopathy is the most commonly reported cardiovascular disorder in
pet hedgehogs. - Typically, 3 years of age or older.
- Signs include dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased activity, weight loss, heart
murmur, ascites, cyanosis, and acute death. - Routine treatments, poor prognosis.
- May be a genetic or dietary component.
