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Small Ruminant Flashcards

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1
Q

Reoviridae, orbivirus

A

Bluetongue

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2
Q

How is Bluetongue transmitted?

A

Arbovirus from culicoides

subclincal cattle are the reservoir

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3
Q

Where in the world does Bluetongue occur?

A

Tropics and subtropics

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4
Q

Why is bluetongue so varied in the severity?

A

Viral Strains

The breed of sheep

Influences of environmental stressors

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5
Q

Is this dz of economical importance?

A

Yes!!! Major Trade Barrier

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6
Q

C/S of Bluetongue

A 
Fever
Hyperemia-damage wool
Frothing
Nasal discharge
Cyanotic tongue
Loss of condition
Death due to aspirate pneumia
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7
Q

If you see a sheep in recumbancy and coronitis, possibly edema of head and neck. What dz are you thinking about?

A

Bluetongue

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8
Q

Can bluetongue cause abortion?

A

YES, and congenital abnormalities

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9
Q

How long do sm rum shed bluetongue?

A

Not lifelong shedders or tolerogenic infections

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10
Q

Dx of Bluetongue?

A

BUFFY COAT sample.

RT-PCR

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11
Q

vacc for bluetongue?

A

Yes. but should only be used in endemic areas bc of reassortments and reversion of virulence

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12
Q

Lentivirus, Retroviridae

A

CAPRINE arthritis-encephalitis

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13
Q

Where in the world does CAE happen?

A

WW

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14
Q

What are your 2 syndromes of CAE

A

Encephalomyelitis in kids

Arthritis in goats older than 1

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15
Q

CS of CAE in kids?

A

Ascending paralysis,

paralysis, abnormal position of head and neck

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16
Q

CS of CAE in adults?

A 
Insidious onset
lameness
wasting
trembling
dull haircoat
Swollen painful joints

but will remain afebrile, alert and good appetite.

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17
Q

What do the lesions in the CNS look like for CAE

A

focal malacia in the WHITE MATTER

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18
Q

Histologically what does CAE look like?

A

foci of mononuclear cell inflammation and DEMYELINATION

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19
Q

Joint lesions for CAE look like?

A

proliferative sinovitis

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20
Q

What is an odd thing to see at necropsy for CAE?

A

pneumonia

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21
Q

Dx CAE?

A

Ab detection.

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22
Q

Control of CAE?

A

No Vacc
test and removal

heating colostrum at 56 for 1hr, pasteurized goat/cows milk

raising them in isolation from infected animals

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23
Q

Pestivirus Flaviviridae

A

Border Dz

yes, the same as BVD

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24
Q

What is the family/genus name for CAE?

A

Lentivirus

Retroviridae

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25
What is the family/genus name for Bluetongue?
Reoviridae Orbivirus
26
CS for Border Dz
Congenital dz of lambs-low birth weight, poor viability, poor conformation, tremors, excessively hairy birth coats Neurological signs in surviving lambs disappear 3-4 month post birth
27
Why do you see clinical neurologic signs in Border dz?
defective myelination of nerve fibers in the CNS
28
What dz can you see subclinical dz in adult sheep, but pregnant ewes may abort, stillborns, or deformed/mummified lambs?
Border Dz
29
In what dz can lambs develop an immune response while others have a PI, immunological tolerance, and remain seronegative?
Border Dz
30
Dx of Border Dz
CS, Viral Isolation Viral Ag detection in tissues
31
What can distinguish PrPc from PrPsc?
Monoclonal Ab
32
What dz has lesions in the grey matter including neuronal vacuolation, loss and degeneration of neurons and astrocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia
BSE
33
Dx of BSE?
Anti- PrPsc Ab is used in immunohistochemical staining Then WB
34
Where in the world do you find Scrapie?
North America, Europe
35
scrapie is mainly a dz of what animal? and what other animal can be infected?
Sheep-some breeds or more susceptible Goats
36
What dz has an insidious onset where the sheep become excitable, tremors of the head and neck? with intense pruritis with progessive deterioration
Scrapie Incubation of 2-5 years
37
Lentivirus, Retroviridae
Maedi/Visna
38
How long is the course of Maedi?
Incubation of 2 years and the dz can be months to years
39
Whats the other name for Maedi? Where does it occur?
ovine progressive pneumonia--US Europe
40
CS of Maedi?
Insidious onset--not recognized until 3 yrs old. Jerking of the head with each inspiration and flared nostrils Nasal discharge and cough. Abort/weak lambs
41
Where is Maedi found in the body?
Lungs-homogenously consolidated & do not collapse when the thoracic cavity is opened
42
Dx Maedi
Ab ELISA WB is more sensitive and used to confirm Blood, semen, bronchial secretions, saliva, and milk
43
How is Maedi transmitted
Direct by droplets Indirect by water, feces, biting arthropods, surgical equipment. Transplacental is controversial
44
Control of Maedi
Test and removal programs avoiding tansmission
45
Vacc for Maedi?
No...its a retro
46
Family/Genus Maedi?
Lentivirus Retroviridae
47
Deltaretrovirus Retroviridae
Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
48
Where in the world does OPA occur?
WW except Autralia and iceland
49
What is the difference in CS of Maedi and OPA
The production of large amounts of surfactant containing fluid produced by the tumor cells.
50
What do the lesions of OPA look like?
Pea sized nodules in the lungs Adenomas, adenocarcinomas With mestastasis
51
Dx of OPA?
histopathology--bc remember its a retro...
52
How is OPA spread?
Shed in saliva, resp secretion and entry is to the resp tract
53
Control of OPA?
isolations of flocks and removal of sick animals asap
54
Genus/Family of OPA
Deltavirus, Retroviridae
55
Parapoxvirus, Poxviridae?
Orf
56
Whats another name for Orf?
Contagious ecthyma
57
Zoonotic?
Yes...only in close contact-occupational
58
CS of Orf?
Muzzle and lips. Lesions w/in the mouth maybe seen in lambs rare lesions of eyelids, feet, and teats lesions to pustules to crusts
59
Genus/family of Orf?
Parapoxvirus | Poxviridae
60
Morb and mort of Orf?
High morb low mort
61
Dx of Orf?
Clinical Dx | Confirmation through EM
62
Controlling Orf?
Difficult bc it can reinfect, and have chronic infections, its also very resistant in the environment
63
How is Orf transmitted?
Direct/Indirect Feed, fomites (scabs)
64
Can you vaccinate against orf?
Yes, you want to vacc ewes weeks before lambing-nonattenuated. Scarified skins in the axilla This is short lived

Virology (4 decks)

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