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Virology > Small Ruminant > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Flashcards

1
Q

Reoviridae, orbivirus

A

Bluetongue

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2
Q

How is Bluetongue transmitted?

A

Arbovirus from culicoides

subclincal cattle are the reservoir

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3
Q

Where in the world does Bluetongue occur?

A

Tropics and subtropics

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4
Q

Why is bluetongue so varied in the severity?

A

Viral Strains

The breed of sheep

Influences of environmental stressors

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5
Q

Is this dz of economical importance?

A

Yes!!! Major Trade Barrier

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6
Q

C/S of Bluetongue

A 
Fever
Hyperemia-damage wool
Frothing
Nasal discharge
Cyanotic tongue
Loss of condition
Death due to aspirate pneumia
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7
Q

If you see a sheep in recumbancy and coronitis, possibly edema of head and neck. What dz are you thinking about?

A

Bluetongue

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8
Q

Can bluetongue cause abortion?

A

YES, and congenital abnormalities

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9
Q

How long do sm rum shed bluetongue?

A

Not lifelong shedders or tolerogenic infections

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10
Q

Dx of Bluetongue?

A

BUFFY COAT sample.

RT-PCR

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11
Q

vacc for bluetongue?

A

Yes. but should only be used in endemic areas bc of reassortments and reversion of virulence

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12
Q

Lentivirus, Retroviridae

A

CAPRINE arthritis-encephalitis

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13
Q

Where in the world does CAE happen?

A

WW

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14
Q

What are your 2 syndromes of CAE

A

Encephalomyelitis in kids

Arthritis in goats older than 1

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15
Q

CS of CAE in kids?

A

Ascending paralysis,

paralysis, abnormal position of head and neck

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16
Q

CS of CAE in adults?

A 
Insidious onset
lameness
wasting
trembling
dull haircoat
Swollen painful joints

but will remain afebrile, alert and good appetite.

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17
Q

What do the lesions in the CNS look like for CAE

A

focal malacia in the WHITE MATTER

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18
Q

Histologically what does CAE look like?

A

foci of mononuclear cell inflammation and DEMYELINATION

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19
Q

Joint lesions for CAE look like?

A

proliferative sinovitis

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20
Q

What is an odd thing to see at necropsy for CAE?

A

pneumonia

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21
Q

Dx CAE?

A

Ab detection.

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22
Q

Control of CAE?

A

No Vacc
test and removal

heating colostrum at 56 for 1hr, pasteurized goat/cows milk

raising them in isolation from infected animals

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23
Q

Pestivirus Flaviviridae

A

Border Dz

yes, the same as BVD

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24
Q

What is the family/genus name for CAE?

A

Lentivirus

Retroviridae

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25
Q

What is the family/genus name for Bluetongue?

A

Reoviridae

Orbivirus

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26
Q

CS for Border Dz

A

Congenital dz of lambs-low birth weight, poor viability, poor conformation, tremors, excessively hairy birth coats

Neurological signs in surviving lambs disappear 3-4 month post birth

27
Q

Why do you see clinical neurologic signs in Border dz?

A

defective myelination of nerve fibers in the CNS

28
Q

What dz can you see subclinical dz in adult sheep, but pregnant ewes may abort, stillborns, or deformed/mummified lambs?

A

Border Dz

29
Q

In what dz can lambs develop an immune response while others have a PI, immunological tolerance, and remain seronegative?

A

Border Dz

30
Q

Dx of Border Dz

A

CS,
Viral Isolation
Viral Ag detection in tissues

31
Q

What can distinguish PrPc from PrPsc?

A

Monoclonal Ab

32
Q

What dz has lesions in the grey matter including neuronal vacuolation, loss and degeneration of neurons and
astrocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia

A

BSE

33
Q

Dx of BSE?

A

Anti- PrPsc Ab is used in immunohistochemical staining

Then WB

34
Q

Where in the world do you find Scrapie?

A

North America, Europe

35
Q

scrapie is mainly a dz of what animal? and what other animal can be infected?

A

Sheep-some breeds or more susceptible

Goats

36
Q

What dz has an insidious onset where the sheep become excitable, tremors of the head and neck? with intense pruritis with progessive deterioration

A

Scrapie

Incubation of 2-5 years

37
Q

Lentivirus, Retroviridae

A

Maedi/Visna

38
Q

How long is the course of Maedi?

A

Incubation of 2 years and the dz can be months to years

39
Q

Whats the other name for Maedi?

Where does it occur?

A

ovine progressive pneumonia–US

Europe

40
Q

CS of Maedi?

A

Insidious onset–not recognized until 3 yrs old.

Jerking of the head with each inspiration and flared nostrils

Nasal discharge and cough.

Abort/weak lambs

41
Q

Where is Maedi found in the body?

A

Lungs-homogenously consolidated & do not collapse when the thoracic cavity is opened

42
Q

Dx Maedi

A

Ab ELISA

WB is more sensitive and used to confirm

Blood, semen, bronchial secretions, saliva, and milk

43
Q

How is Maedi transmitted

A

Direct by droplets
Indirect by water, feces, biting arthropods, surgical equipment.

Transplacental is controversial

44
Q

Control of Maedi

A

Test and removal programs

avoiding tansmission

45
Q

Vacc for Maedi?

A

No…its a retro

46
Q

Family/Genus Maedi?

A

Lentivirus

Retroviridae

47
Q

Deltaretrovirus Retroviridae

A

Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

48
Q

Where in the world does OPA occur?

A

WW except Autralia and iceland

49
Q

What is the difference in CS of Maedi and OPA

A

The production of large amounts of surfactant containing fluid produced by the tumor cells.

50
Q

What do the lesions of OPA look like?

A

Pea sized nodules in the lungs

Adenomas, adenocarcinomas

With mestastasis

51
Q

Dx of OPA?

A

histopathology–bc remember its a retro…

52
Q

How is OPA spread?

A

Shed in saliva, resp secretion and entry is to the resp tract

53
Q

Control of OPA?

A

isolations of flocks and removal of sick animals asap

54
Q

Genus/Family of OPA

A

Deltavirus, Retroviridae

55
Q

Parapoxvirus, Poxviridae?

A

Orf

56
Q

Whats another name for Orf?

A

Contagious ecthyma

57
Q

Zoonotic?

A

Yes…only in close contact-occupational

58
Q

CS of Orf?

A

Muzzle and lips.

Lesions w/in the mouth maybe seen in lambs

rare lesions of eyelids, feet, and teats

lesions to pustules to crusts

59
Q

Genus/family of Orf?

A

Parapoxvirus

Poxviridae

60
Q

Morb and mort of Orf?

A

High morb low mort

61
Q

Dx of Orf?

A

Clinical Dx

Confirmation through EM

62
Q

Controlling Orf?

A

Difficult bc it can reinfect, and have chronic infections, its also very resistant in the environment

63
Q

How is Orf transmitted?

A

Direct/Indirect

Feed, fomites (scabs)

64
Q

Can you vaccinate against orf?

A

Yes, you want to vacc ewes weeks before lambing-nonattenuated.

Scarified skins in the axilla

This is short lived

Virology (4 decks)

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