Smallies Flashcards
(43 cards)
Distichiasis
Abnormal hair growth from the tarsal plate
Often not irritating, can be surgically repaired
Weimaraners are sensitive
Ectopic cilia
Hair growth from the conjunctiva, in direct contact with the corneal.
Often very irritating (epiphora/ blepharospasm), can be surgically removed and left open to heal
Entropion
Inward turning of the eyelid margin.
Particularly susceptible - sharpei
If young give tacking sutures and revisit.
Surgical repair - eliptical strip of skin and muscle removed from lower margin
Ectropion
Outward rolling of the eyelid margin.
Predisposed - Bassets
Surgical repair
Trichosis
Ie Lash laxity, seen in old cockers.
Corrected by Stades procedure - removal of skin and allowing granulation
Sebaceous epithelioma
Tarsal gland tumour - 1-2mm margins
What disinfectant should you use before performing eyelid surgery?
1:50 povidone - NO SURGICAL SCRUB xxx detergent
What principles should be employed when suturing eyelids? (x4)
Good apposition
Suture engaging the tarsal plate
Knot away from the cornea
Use a figure of eight suture
Cherry eye
Prolapsed nictitating membrane - particularly bulldogs
Repair via the pocket technique - remove kinked cartillage and bury the gland
What is the only justifiable reason for removing a third eyelid?
NEOPLASIA
What is the spectrum of activity for:
a) Fusidic acid
b) Gentamycin
a) Staph spp
b) Gram +ve and -ve - pseudomonas
Staphs and pseudomonas are the most common causes of simple conjunctivitis!
What causes keratitis sicca?
- Immune-mediated
- Long term sulphonamides
- Iatrogenic
- Distemper
- Chronic conjunctivitis
- Endocrine abnormalities
What treatment modalities should be used for treatment of dry eye?
- Tear stimulation
- Cyclosporin
- Tacrolimus
- Tear film replacement
- Carbomer gel
- lipid - good for overnight
- Lacri-lube
What result on a tear test would be suggestive of dry eye?
15mm
What can cause ulcerative keratitis?
- Direct trauma
- Unhealthy eye environment - dry eye/ entropion
- Corneal defects
- Idiopathic
- Iatrogenic
Describe the pathogenesis of a keratomalacia.
Rapid stromal breakdown due to proteolyitic enzymes originating from:
- Psedomonas bacteria (g-ve)
- Corneal cells
- Inflammatory cells
Which part of the cornea will NOT stain with fluorescene dye?
Descements membrane - in a very deep ulcer it will appear as a dark circle in the middle of the dyed area
What three pharmacological agents should NOT be used on a corneal ulcer and why?
What general principles are followed for treatment of ulcers?
- Broad spectrum antibiotics - every 4-6 hours
- Frequent lubrication
- Atropine - dilates the pupil and reduces pain
- Also serum/ contact lens may be useful
Pannus
Inflammatory tissue invades the corneal surface - treat will cyclosporin
What treatment protocol should be used for a case of uveitis?
- Mydriatics - analgesic and reduce risk of adhesions
- Topical steroids
What clinical signs are associated with ACUTE glaucoma?
- Red eye
- Pain
- +/- blindness
- Increased IOP
- Normal sized globe
- Corneal changes - oedema
- No PLR
What clinical signs are associated with CHRONIC glaucoma?
- Red eye
- Variable pain
- Blindness
- No PLR
- Corneal changes
- Hard and enlarged globe
What causes glaucoma to lead to secondary lens luxation?
Tearing of zonular fibres due to increased IOP
