SMO 415 Final Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
environmental scanning
A
identify and anticipate sources of PTOs and scanning external environment (competitors, regulators) and internal environment (strategy, technology, culture)
2
Q
labour demand forecast
A
project how business needs will affect HR needs, using qualitative methods (delphi, expert) and quantitative methods (trend analysis, simple/multiple linear regression)
3
Q
what is labour supply and forecast
A
project resource availability fro internal and external sources
4
Q
what are the uses of skills inventory
A
promotions career planning and development training needs assessment transfers lay offs creating competency profiles
5
Q
how can you inventory and forecast external supply
A
general economic conditions activities of competitors unemployment rates educational enrolments Canadian Occupational Projection System (COPS) alberta short term employment forecast
6
Q
what is gap analysis
A
reconcile forecast of labour supply and demand
7
Q
action programming
A
implement recommended solution fro step 4
8
Q
control and evaluation
A
monitor effects on human resource planning by defining and measuring critical criteria (ie turnover costs, break even costs of new hires, recruitment costs, performance outcomes)
9
Q
what are the eight surplus strategies?
A
- hiring freeze and attrition
- cut hours/part time work
- offer early retirement
- temporary leaves of absence
- voluntary severance
- temporary lay offs
- transfers
- permanent lay offs
10
Q
what is downsizing
A
activities undertaken to improve organizational efficiency, productivity and competitiveness that affects size of workforce
11
Q
why do companies downsize?
A
down turn in business perceived need to cut costs mergers and acquisitions new technology strategic change restructuring organization
12
Q
what is the impacts of downsizing
A
less than 35% increased productivityes
less than 45% increased operating profits
around 33% productivity declined
less than third of companies achieved productivity and profitability goals
stock value increased when layoffs were because of strategic repositioning NOT cost cutting
13
Q
what is the impacts of downsizing on employe
A
decline in motivation, work effort, trust
increases in fatigue, stress, resentment, retiring on job, turnover
companies who laid off more than 10% of employees have higher voluntary turnover
(fortune magazines best employees don’t have lay-offs)
14
Q
downsizing lessons
A
- strategic vs cost cutting
- careful choice of who goes
- be careful how you termiante
15
Q
what are the downsizing steps
A
consider how downsizing supports or interferes with strategy
consider how downsizing impacts short/long term HR needs
determine criteria for layoffs
develop severance packages and outplacement assistance
consider the survivors - what support they’ll need
evaluate results
16
Q
downsizing criteria
A
seniority position/departement salary/wage level voluntary severance early retirement relationships with customers perfromance ratings skills/qualifications assessment future HR needs
17
Q
criteria funnel
A
- competencies and skills and qualifications for future jobs
- performance ratings
- seniority as a tie breaker
18
Q
support for survivors
A
set vision for future ongoing career planning and development training for new job duties adjust compensation and rewards two way communication employee surveys employee assistance programs
19
Q
shortage strategies
A
increase overtime and hours outsource and temporary staff internal transfers earlier recruiting postpone retirement improve compensation and benefits hiring bonuses offer recruitment bonuses expand recruiting channels/sources recruit non traditional labour
20
Q
what is employment equity
A
the removal of barriers in working conditions forr correction of the condition of disadvantage in employment
21
Q
who are the four designated groups
A
visible minorities
women
disabled
aboriginals
22
Q
which companies does the regulations apply to?
A
federal gov and employees
federally regulated employers and federal crown corporations with more than 100 employees
under the federal contractor’s program, provincially regulated employers with more than 100 employees who wish to bid on contracts of $1 million or more
23
Q
what are the steps to employment equity
A
- review HR policies and practices to remove potential barriers
- survey internal workforce to determine designated group representation
- collect labour market data
- compare 2 and 3 to determine if significant under representation of designated groups (4/5ths rule)
- set goal and timetable to close the gap
24
Q
what should employers consider in setting the goal and timetable
A
- organizational plans and strategy (expansion or contraction)
- number of job vacancies
- turnover rates
- availability of qualified designated group members internally and in the labour force
25
what does the 4/5ths rule not require employees to do
hire unqualified applicants
establish a quota
violate established seniority rights under collective bargaining agreement
terminate/demote non-designated group member merely to achieve employment equity goals
26
what are the recruitment steps
identify vacancies through turnover and human resource planning
identify sources of recruits, internal and external
identify appropriate recruiting channels
screen applicants
evaluate effectiveness of recruiting measures
27
what are the recruiting methods
```
online/social media
print media
private search firms
write in, walk-in
employee referrals
educational institutions
professional/trade associations
labour union hiring hall
job fairs
temporary agencies
```
28
what are the recruiting constraints
```
promote from within policy
employment status policy - full time v part time v temp
compensation policy
culture of organization
union contract clauses
employment equity policy
budget
immigration policy
```
29
what does ESDC consider for foreign workers recruitment
if job offer is genuine
if wages and working conditions are comparable to what Canadians are offered
if reasonable steps are taken to hire Canadians first
if hiring will not affect a labour dispute
if you're bringing in new skills and knowledge
30
what must employers show when hiring temporary foreign workers
must apply for labour market impact statement LMIA
number of canadians applied and interviewed
why no canadians qualified
no canadians laid off or had hours reduced
caps on low paid temporary foreign workers
applications for positions requiring little skills or education will not be processed in regions with greater than 6% unemployment
31
what should you look for in resume screening
```
knowledge, skills abilities related to job requirements
unsubstantiated claims
unexplained gaps in work history
grammatical or spelling errors
references are current and work related
awards or scholarships?
professional designations/licenses
volunteer work
```
32
what are some common misrepresentations on a resume
```
length of time with employer
amount of salary
enrolled in academic program but didn't graduate
GPA
name of school
name of employer
major
criminal convictions
```
33
evaluation criteria for recruiting efforts data
1. potentially qualified / number of applicants
2. number accepted offer / number offered
3. survival rates %
4. cost / hire
34
information to evaluate effectiveness of recruiting efforts
```
exit surveys
designated group member data if under ee regulations
performance ratings of hires
time to hire
cost per survivor
satisfaction surveys of hires
absenteeism rates of hires
industry data where available
```
35
what does the personal information protection act state
sec 15 1) can collect info without consent for purpose of recruiting
sec 15 2) shall not collect without consent unless info only related to employment and volunteer work and must provide reasonable notification
36
what is selection
process of deciding which applicants to hire
37
what qualities do we want our selection tools to have
validity - measures what it's supposed to measure and is a good indicator of success for job criteria in question
reliability - gives consistent results over time and no matter who administers test
38
what is predictive validity
validity between what test predicts and performance
39
what is concurrent validity
instead of using job applicants , use existing workforce
40
what is content validity
test includes samples of tasks, skills etc necessary to do job
41
what is construct validity
measuring some sort of skill or ability that we associate with the job (not direct)
42
what are the validity coefficients
above 0.35 - very beneficial
0.21-0.35 - likely useful
0.11-0.20 - depends on sample size
under 0.11 - unlikely to be useful
43
what are two forms of reliability testing
1. test re-test - compare results
| 2. split halves - two equal parts of one test, compare both halves
44
what are the reliability coeffficients
above 0.90 - excellent
0.80 - 0.90 - good
0.70 - 0.79 - adequate
less than 0.70 - limited applicability
45
what are interviewer errors
```
premature judgement
appearance of candidate - beautyism
focus on negative information
similarity effect
contrast effect
halo/horns effect
poor recall
stereotyping
order of interviewees
poor questions
```
46
how can you improve the interview?
```
base questions on job analysis
structure interview and ratings
limit access to info about candidates before interview
have system to record responses
rate immediately after interview
use a panel of interviewers
avoid leading questions
set sufficient time for interview
check references after interview
```
47
what are interview question styles
1. biographical facts and credentials
2. technical knowledge
3. experience/activity descriptions
4. self evaluative information
a) likes and dislikes
b) strengths and weaknesses
c) goals, attitudes and philosophy
d) speculative statement
5. situational questions
6. behaviour description questions
48
what are the validity coefficients of situational interviews and behavioural interviews
situational - 0.43-0.47
behaviour without rating scale = 0.47
behaviour with rating scale = 0.51 - 0.63
49
what is emotional intelligence and what is it's validity
set of abilities which includes self control, zeal, persistence, and ability to motivate oneself
0.24-0.30 - useful
50
what is honesty/integrity tesitng
used by orgs concerned about possible dysfunctional behaviour but not really accurate
51
what is the big 5 traits of personality
```
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
emotional stability
openness to experience
```
52
What are the cognitive ability elements
```
verbal ability
numerical ability
reasoning ability
deductive ability
spatial ability
perceptual ability
memory
```
53
what is the cognitive ability validity for different professions
managerial professions, sales representatives and clerical are highest at 0.54- 061
skilled trade and uskilled jobs are lower at 0.46-0.23
54
what are other selection techniques
```
work sample
job tryout
graphology
DNA testing
drug/alcohol testing
abilities test
reference checks
polygraph/lie detector
```
55
what do you have to show to be legally defensible to do drug/alcohol testing
evidence of a serious problem in industry/geographic area
position is safety sensitive one
testing done only after conditional offer is made
if applicant has substance abuse problem, must accomodate
56
what are the uses of performance appraisals
```
career planning
recruiting and selection audits
performance improvement or reinforcement
training needs assessment
layoffs and terminations
compensation and rewards
promotions and demotions
bona fide occupational requirements
```
57
who does the appraisals in 360 degree feedback
supervisor
coworkers
subordinate
customer
58
when does 360 feedback work best
1. raters use common performance standards
2. raters are anonymous
3. raters are trained in doing performance appraisals
4. appraisals are used for feedback and performance improvement, not for allocating rewards
5. appraisals followed up with action plan
59
what are the performance rater errors
```
recency effect
leniency
severity
central tendency
halo/horns effects
contrast effect
attribution - situational vs disposition
```
60
factors in choosing a performance appraisal format
objective - job related criteria
cost of development
cost of use
ease of use
feedback for counselling and improving performance
information for HR decisions - pay, rewards, promotions, lay-offs, terminations
61
what is the graphic rating scale
five point rating scale 1-5, general, used for wide variety of positions
62
what is the behaviourally anchored rating scale
specific examples for each rating 1,3,5
63
what is the behavioural observation scales
how frequently employee does something good or bad
5- almost always
1 - almost never
64
what are critical incidents
in each category, record specific incidents of employee behaviour that were either extremely good or extremely poor
65
what is management by objectives
cascading goals
| organizational --> departmental --> individual
66
what are the steps for MBO
```
1. negotiate goals
2 develop and agree on action plan
3. independent work
4. periodic review
5. final appraisal
6. allocate rewards
7 repeat cycle
```
67
what criteria should you use when deciding on objectives
```
SMART goals
specific action
measurable results
achievable
related to most important job requirements
time frame for completion
```
68
what are the objectives of recruiting and staffing
cost effectiveness
reduce time to hire
reduce turnover
reduce number of wrong hiring decisions
69
how can you make performance appraisals accurate
```
train raters in use
develop standardized rating system
ratings used for counselling not rewards
ratings confidential
ratings done regularly
busy periods avoided
raters have opportunity to observe employee on regular basis
establish appeal mechanism
raters held accountable
```
70
what is training
process of teaching employees the basic competencies they need to perform their present job or a job they may fill in the future
71
make vs buy
make - go out and hire talent and then intense training to make sure they have skills needed by the job
buy - go out and hire already skilled employees that already have all certification required by the job
72
what selection methods to use if you make
cognitive ability tests
abilities training
personality testing
school and employment history
73
what selection methods to use if you buy
```
work history
behaviour description questions in interview
work sampling
background and reference check
behaviour description interviewing
verification of education and training
probation
```
74
How does canada compare to training
lowest in training particpation rate and lowest in hours of job related instruction /participant
75
what are the training steps
1. preparation
2. explanation
3. demonstration
4. participation
5, evaluation
76
what are the five elements of evaluation in training
```
reaction
learning
performance
behaviour
organizational impact
```
77
what is dispute resolution
disputes between labour and management would be processed through grievance arbitration procedure - tool for further negotiation
78
what is the impact of union contracts on staffing
1. recruiting - shop clauses, notice requirements
2. selection - no impact
3. terminations - only just cause
4. lay offs- seniority determines order, severance specified
5. demotions - bumping rights, seniority clauses
6. transfers, change of shit - notice requirements
7. contracting out - not if it results in layoffs, only if sufficient skills, only to unionized firm
79
what are the three different shop clauses
closed shop - must be a union member to be considered
union shop - can recruit anyone but MUST join union if hired
agency shop - dont have to join union but have to pay union dues
80
what is the criteria for job vacancy clauses
seniority
abilities and skills
qualifications
81
what are the 4 seniority clauses
1. straight seniority
2. hybrid clause - seniority, ability and qualifications are all given equal weight
3. relative ability - filled on basis of seniority and then skill, qualifications and ability and seniority as the tie breaker
4. sufficient ability - when employees each possess sufficient ability and qualifications to perform requirements of job, seniority shall govern
82
what are the two tests when assigning work outside the bargaining unit
quantitative test - what percentage of work being done would normally be done by bargaining unit workers
qualitative test - are bargaining unit employees qualified to do the work
