VO2 max
The volume of oxygen an athlete can consume while exercising at maximum capacity
Cusp
A triangular fold or flap of heart valvee
Pulmonary
To do with he lungs
Vein
Tube that carries blood back to the heart
Artery
A muscular tube that carries blood away from the heart
Vena Cava
Large vein bringing deoxygenated blood into the heart
Venous
To do with the vein
Oxygen debt
The amount of oxygen needed at the end of a physical activity to break down any lactic acid
Anaerobic exercise
Working at a high intensity level without oxygen for energy production
Inspiration
Breathing in
Expiration
Breathing out
Systole
The phase of the heartbeat when the muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers of the arteries
Diastole
The phase of the heartbeat when the muscle relaxes and lets the chamber fill with blood
Blood Pressure
Pressure of the blood against the wall of the blood vessels, especially the arteries
Vasodilation
When the veins swell up or dilate; widening the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to allow increased blood flow
Vasoconstriction
When veins shrink down; narrowing the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to decrease blood flow
Vascular shunting
Process that increases blood flow to active areas during exercise by diverting blood away from inactive areas; achieved by vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Immune system
The structures and process in your body that stops disease
Thrombokinase
Substance involved in blood clotting
Serotonin
Hormone that triggers the clotting process
Plasma
The fluid part of blood
Cardio-respiratory system
The interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during exercisd
Cardiovascular
To do with the heart, blood and blood vessels together
Erythrocytes
A red blood cell
Haemoglobin
A red protein in the blood that transports oxygen
Anaemia
A condition where there is a lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood
Leukocyte
White blood cell
Pathogen
An agent that causes disease, such as virus
Antibody
Chemical that destroys a pathogen
Respiration
The movement of the air from outside of the body into the cells within the tissues
Diaphragm
The primary muscle used in the process of inspiration or inhalation. A dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the rest of the body cavity
Trachea
The tube that takes air into the chest, also known as the wind pipe
Bronchus
Tube along which air passes from the trachea into the lungs
Bronchioles
Smaller branches coming of the bronchi
Alveoli
Tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place
Haemoglobin
A type of protein found in every red blood cell
Gaseous exchange
The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues
Capillaries
Distributes blood with in the organs
What is the aorta
The main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
Function of the left atrium
Receives blood straight from the lungs (oxygenated) which empties into the left ventricle
Function of left ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood through aortic valve to the rest of the body
Function of the right ventricle
Passes blood to the pulmonary artery which sends the blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen
Function of the right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body then empties into the right ventricle.
Pulmonary valve
Acts as a one way door between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to get oxygenated
Bicuspid valve
Allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta with any back flow of blood
Function of the tricuspid valve
Opens to Allows blood to flow from right atrium to ventricle and when the ventricle contract they close to prevent any back flow of blood