SOC Chapter 4

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

Question 2

Functions of socialization

Answer 2

Establishes our social identity.
Teaches us role taking.
Controls our behavior.
Transmits culture to the next generation

Question 3

Social interaction

Answer 3

rules that enable people to live, work, and socialize together

Question 4

Dramaturgical approach

Answer 4

study of social interaction as a theatrical performance

Question 5

Presentation of self

Answer 5

: creation of impressions in the minds of others to define and control a social situation

Question 6

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 6

Views the self and society as resulting from social interaction based on language and other symbols

Question 7

Cooley’s looking-glass self

Answer 7

the self-image that results from our interpretation of other people’s views of us
Primary groups—family, friends
Secondary groups—school, workplace
Reference groups—standards for behavior

Question 8

George Herbert Mead social self

Answer 8

The self is part of an individual’s personality composed of self awareness and self image -
Self is not there at birth
Self develops with social experiences

Question 9

Meads 1st stage -

Answer 9

Preparatory stage: self-centered, limited response

Question 10

Meads 2nd stage

Answer 10

Play stage: take on attitudes and roles of significant others (parents, siblings); allows them to see themselves through the eyes of others

Question 11

Meads 3rd stage

Answer 11

Game stage: take on roles of multiple others, aware of societal positions and perspectives

Question 12

Meads 4th stage

Answer 12

Adult stage: take on generalized other, sense of society’s norms and values; requires an understanding of more abstract symbols like love and hate, success and failure, friendship, morality.

Question 13

Jean piaget on cognitive development

Answer 13

humans are socialized in stages

Question 14

4 Jean Piaget Stages

Answer 14

Sensorimotor stage is the level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses

Preoperational is the level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols

Concrete Operational is the level of human development at which individuals first see causal connection in their surroundings

Formal Operational is the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically

Question 15

Kohlberg Moral development

Answer 15

1. Preconventional stage: seek either personal gain or to avoid punishment
2. Conventional stage: feel shame or guilt about violating societal norms and values
3. Post conventional stage: higher set of abstract notions of right and wrong

Question 16

Sigmund Freud

Answer 16

Psychoanalysis: psychological perspective that focuses on complex reasoning processes of conscious and unconscious mind

Question 17

ID

Answer 17

basic biological drives and needs, sexual energy

Question 18

Ego

Answer 18

the “self,” core of a person’s personality

Question 19

Superego

Answer 19

internalized values and norms of society, conscience

Question 20

What stage controls socialization?

Answer 20

ego controlas ID for superego

Question 21

Resocialization

Answer 21

process of altering an individual’s behavior through total control of environment

Question 22

Total institutions

Answer 22

Institutions that isolate people from the rest of society to achieve administrative control over most aspects of their lives

Question 23

Ethnomethodology

Answer 23

study of commonsense knowledge and procedures by which ordinary people make sense of social circumstances and interactions

Question 24

Some agents of Socialization

Answer 24

family, education, peers, and media