SOC Chapter 5

Question 1

Primary groups

Answer 1

intense emotional ties, intimacy, and identification with membership in the group

Question 2

Secondary groups

Answer 2

large, impersonal groups with minimal emotional/intimate ties

Question 3

cooleys looking glass-self

Answer 3

we judge ourselves by how we think we appear to others

Question 4

Reference groups

Answer 4

provides a standard for judging our own attitudes

Question 5

George Simmel group sizes

Answer 5

group size affects quality of interaction

Question 6

Dyad

Answer 6

group of two persons

Question 7

Triad

Answer 7

group of three people

Question 8

Alliances or coalitions

Answer 8

groups that may form between two members, enabling them to “gang up” on the third member

Question 9

Social closure

Answer 9

ability of groups to exclude outsiders or “undesirables” from participating

Question 10

role

Answer 10

A behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

Question 11

role set

Answer 11

To identify a number of roles attached to a single status

Question 12

role conflict

Answer 12

A conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses

Question 13

role strain

Answer 13

Tension among the roles connected to a singular status

Question 14

role exit

Answer 14

The process by which people disengage from important social roles

Question 15

Transformational Leaders

Answer 15

: instill a sense of mission or higher purpose, transforming the nature of the group

Question 16

Transactional Leaders

Answer 16

concerned with accomplishing group tasks and goals

Question 17

Power

Answer 17

ability to mobilize resources and achieve a goal despite resistance of others

Question 18

Positional Power

Answer 18

stems from the official leadership position

Question 19

personal power

Answer 19

: derived from the leader’s personality

Question 20

groupthink

Answer 20

when group members ignore anything that goes against group consensus

Question 21

Structuralism

Answer 21

The idea that there exists an overarching structure within which culture and other aspects of society must be understood.

Question 22

Economic capital

Answer 22

: money and material that can be used to produce goods and services

Question 23

cultural capital

Answer 23

informal, interpersonal skills, habits, manners, linguistic styles, tastes, and lifestyles

Question 24

social capital

Answer 24

personal connections and networks that enable people to accomplish goals and extend influence

Question 25

Bureaucracy

Answer 25

based on written procedural rules, hierarchy of authority

Question 26

Iron cage of bureaucracies

Answer 26

become trapped in a prison of rules and regulations that denies humanity, creativity, and autonomy