SOC Chapter 7: Global Stratification AND Chapter 8: Social Class in the United States Flashcards
(46 cards)
Social Stratification
Chapter 7, Page 195
the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige;
applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group.
Slavery
Chapter 7, Page 195
a form of social stratification in which some people own other people
Bonded Labor
(Indentured Service)
Chapter 7, Page 196
a contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specific period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily
Ideology
Chapter 7, Page 197
beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements
Caste System
Chapter 7, Page 197
a form of social stratification in which people’s statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth
Endogamy
Chapter 7, Page 197
the practice of marrying within one’s own group
Apartheid
Chapter 7, Page 198
the government-approved-and-enforced separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa
Estate Stratification System
Chapter 7, Page 200
the stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates: the nobility, clergy, and commoners
Class System
Chapter 7, Page 201
a form of social stratification based primarily on income, education, and prestige of occupation
Social Mobility
Chapter 7, Page 201
movement up or down the social class ladder
Means of Production
Chapter 7, Page 202
the tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth
Bourgeosie
(bo͝orZHwäˈzē)
Chapter 7, Page 202
Marx’s term for capitalists, those who own the means of production
Proletariat
(prōləˈterēət)
Chapter 7, Page 202
Marx’s term for the exploited class, the mass workers who do not own the means to production
Class Consciousness
Chapter 7, Page 202
Marx’s term for awareness of a common identity based on one’s position in the means of production
False Class Consciousness
Chapter 7, Page 202
Marx’s term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists
Meriocracy
Chapter 7, Page 205
a form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit
Divine Right of Kings
Chapter 7, Page 202
the idea that the king’s authority comes from God;
in an interesting gender bender, also applies to queens
Colonialism
Chapter 7, Page 218
the process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resources
World System Theory
Chapter 7, Page 218
a theory of how economics and political connections developed and now tie the world’s countries together
Globalization of Capitalism
Chapter 7, Page 219
capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe’s dominant economic system
Culture of Poverty
Chapter 7, Page 220
the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parent’s perpetuate poverty across generations by passing characteristics to their children
Neocolonialism
Chapter 7, Page 221
the economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations
Multinational Corporations
Chapter 7, Page 221
companies that operate across national boundaries;
also called transitional corporations
Social Class
Chapter 8, Page 227
according to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in poverty, power, and prestige;
according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means to production or workers who sell their labor
