soc notes chapter 11 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What’s the agricultural revolution?
social and economic changes, including population increases, that followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually increasing efficiency of food production
Knowledge work
work that primarily deals with information; producing value in the economy through ideas, judgements, analyses, designs, or innovations
Dept of Labor consists of 10 what?
supersectors, areas in which people work
what categories do these supersectors fall into
good producing industries and service producing indus
What are examples of supersectors of the US economy?
construction, education and health services, financial activities, information, leisure and hospitality, manufacturing, natural resources and mining, other services, professional and business services, and trade, transportation, and utilities
Examples of knowledge work
engineering, marketing, research, web design, product development
Examples of service work
banking, consulting, education, entertainment, health care, insurance, investment, legal services, leisure, news media, restaurants, retail, tourism, and transportation
capitalism
based on laws of free market competition, privatization of the means of production, and production of profit
socialism
economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production, collective distribution of goods and services, and government regulation
communism
most extreme form of socialism, because all citizens work for gov and there are no class distinctions
How is US not entirely capitalist?
institutions like education and health care aren’t all privately owned
telecommuting
working from home while staying connected to the office through communications technology
resistance strategies
ways that workers express discontent with their working conditions and try to reclaim control of the conditions of their labor
What have unions shifted their focus to? What was it shifted from?
from fighting for better wages and working conditions to keeping jobs in this country
What’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?
more corporations take steps toward making a more positive impact on society and the world
What do supporters of globalization believe?
“free trade” can lead to more efficient allocation of resources, lower prices, more employment, and higher output with all countries involved in the trade benefitting
What do critics of globalization believe?
free trade promotes a self-interested corporate agenda and that powerful and autonomous multinational corporations can exploit workers and increasingly shape the politics of nation-states
What does deep integration refer to?
the global flow of goods and services in today’s economy
What can US companies do under NAFTA and the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP)? Who benefits in these agreements?
NAFTA: avoid paying taxes when they export raw materials to Mexico and then import the finished products
TPP: Similar benefits to signatories, which include Pacific Rim nations in Asia, the Americas, and Oceania;
these global trade agreements often benefit private industry much more than they do nations and sometimes remain controversial even after they have become law
What are transnational corporations? (TNCs) Examples?
purposefully transcend national borders so their products can be manufactured, distributed, marketed, and sold from many bases all over the world; coca cola and general electric
outsourcing
“contracting out” or transferring to another country the labor that a company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform; typically done for financial reasons
What’s professional socialization?
process that involves learning not only social role but also the various details about how to do the job
What’s “gig economy”?
way of working that doesn’t involve stable, full time employment with one company but rather a series of freelance jobs (“gigs”) that may take advantage of individuals’ unique skill sets but that provide neither stability nor benefits
contingent workforce ; what are the four categories it’s made up of?
those who work in positions that are temporary or freelance or who work as independent contractors; independent contractors, on-call workers, temporary workers, and contract company workers (sometimes called “temps” or “freelancers”
