SOC633 MIDTERM

Question 1

Jonathan Marks argues human sexuality is:

a. An product of biological evolution, ensuring the survival of the species

b. Virtually identical to the of lemurs and other primates

c. A natural response, hard-wired into the body

d. Oriented around the selection of an ideal mate for procreation and
reproduction

e. Based on specific cultural meanings, which vary across time and place

Answer 1

e. based on specific cultural meanings, which vary from time and space

Question 2

Africanization and national independence

Answer 2

ironic due to them having anti-gay laws which perpetuate the legacy of colonizers. These kinda laws are used to police sexual hegemony.

Question 3

What does Jeffrey Weeks believe about evolution?

Answer 3

believes that evolution caused sexuality for humans to evolve culturally, not physically (ex. moving from warm to cold climates, changing of fashion, etc.)

Question 4

Ellen Ross and Rayna Rapp about sex and desire

Answer 4

sex/desire isn’t just an impulse driven by evolution, it’s roles and symbols that depend on the person.

Question 5

what did jeffrey weeks say about how sexuality should be viewed?

Answer 5

Not viewed as natural but product of social and historical forces

Question 6

Cordelia Fine about masculinity and femininity

Answer 6

masculinity, femininity, and gender are viewed as FIXED BINARY, but it varies across time, place, group, and context.

Question 7

Old men and younger women

Answer 7

As men age, they fear their genes are bad. Men look for younger women due to their quest for good genes. However, Marks believes that this is pseudoscience, sex isn’t just for reproduction.

Question 8

dehumanizing assumptions about sexualities of people living with disabilities

Answer 8

“can’t handle it due to their mental capacity or viewed as asexual”

disability people are often excluded from sexuality due to eugenics causes isolation from society.

they were sterilized and denied sexual experiences for fear of creating more disabled people.

Question 9

what’s an example of disabled people being understood as subjects (action of fulfilling yourself - you’re doing it) and objects (acted upon - action of fulfilling others) of desire/sex?

Answer 9

After a man got into an accident, he was in a wheelchair, which caused him to think about his body in terms of sexual experience more expansive. This is because his body will no longer perform as it used to before the accident.

Question 10

The term ‘hegemony’, as in hegemonic sexual pattern, is associated with Antonio
Gramsci. Hegemony refers to:

a. Forms of coercive domination relying primarily on violence

b. A society of unlimited freedom for the individual

c. Rule by the underclass and the oppressed, once they have overthrown the
dominant

d. A regime combining elements of consent of those governed and coercion

e. A society based around sexual abstinence in which reproduction is strictly
controlled

Answer 10

d. a regime combining elements of consent of those governed and coercion.

Question 11

What’s body re-engagement (counter hegemonic) ?
(Sergi in Touil-Satour and Leyva-Moral)

Answer 11

Sexualizing the whole body (mental and physical). Connection with others looking for joint enjoyment (away from the dominant way).

Question 12

What are national projects (Canadian state)?
(Gramsci)

Answer 12

forming a subject population that will align with the inputed norms (accept everything as it is). hegemony is exercised.

Question 13

gender and sexuality in state formation:

Answer 13

sexual hegemony - human expression of yourself fits with the dominant rule and goes hand in hand with settler colonialism (ex. citizenship, education, social services, migration regulation, incarceration).

Question 14

Settler colonialism in Canada is founded on the dispossession of Indigenous people. Which of the following is a characteristic of this dispossession:

a. The protection of Indigenous cultural knowledge through state education

b. The settler seizure of the land, which they turned into private property

c. Recognition of a high status for Indigenous women

d. Indigenous control over membership in their nation

e. Respect for treaty rights in all areas of Canadian governance

Answer 14

b. settler seizure of the land, which they turned into private property

Question 15

Margaret Robinson wrote that her examination of gender in Indigenous Nations needed to start with the land, as gender is a biological property that is a part of nature just like the land.
a. True
b. False

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Russell Eisenman argued the search for good genetic material for reproduction
explains the preference of many older heterosexual men for younger woman as
partners:
a. True
b. False

Answer 16

true

Question 17

meghan scribe about violence against indigenous girls:

Answer 17

violence against indigenous girls isn’t only socially condoned, it’s state-sanctioned. Canada not only fails in protecting indigenous girls but also enacts harm.

Question 18

RCMP report on indigenous girls/women

Answer 18

1. indigenous girls presented outside girlhood (humanity denied by being presented as a stat and sexualized)
   - hegemonic idea of what’s a girl, indigenous girls don’t fit into this model.
2. Responsibility: lifestyle and culture blamed for being missing and murdered.
3. Lack of resources dedicated resignation

the report takes indigenous knowledge without crediting it.

Question 19

Is eugenics still around today?

Answer 19

racial procreation is seen as a problem and that genetic impulse still remains today (ex. wellfare, conditions of unhealthy reserves, lack of access to proper health care).

Question 20

Domination and Sexual assault:
(Angela Davis)

Answer 20

Major roles of sexual assault used to dominate over slaves (objectification due to rape). Demonization of black men potrayed as rapists.

Question 21

Hindu nationalism:
(Himani Bannerji)

Answer 21

organized around the “presence of the ‘good’ maternal and ‘bad’ sexual woman.”

Question 22

Domination of enslaved Black women:

Answer 22

uncamouflaged expression of the slaveholder’s economic mastery and the overseer’s control over Black women as workers. Sexual assault against enslaved Black women was both a product of their status as lesser humans and an act of dehumanization that reproduced subordination. This regime of sexual assault, “thus facilitated the ruthless economic exploitation of their labor.”

Question 23

Individual agency:

Answer 23

taking control of the way you’re perceived. Ex. weirdo pride = agency expressed through the acceptance of being a minority wherever they go.

Question 24

Gleeson and transitions:

Answer 24

Trans ppl struggle to master the way they’ll be perceived. Try to pass using makeup, exercise, surgery, etc. Transitions are made to make known how you want to be instantly classified.

Question 25

passing: (Gleeson)

Answer 25

Orientation to cis majority and gender binary. The burden of transition is at once an intimate one and yet involves the entirety of society, as its ‘other’, or on-looker: those undergoing transition must prepare themselves for encounters with strangers, through whatever changes are required to get them ‘read’ correctly.

Question 26

Institutionalized barriers and trans ppl:

Answer 26

in racialized spaces cause their queerness stood out, while in queer spaces their race stood out.

At school, they weren’t allowed to participate in school sports.