social Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the definition of social psychology according to Allport (1954)?
The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
What are the key areas of study in social psychology?
Social cognition, social perception, and social interaction.
What does social cognition refer to?
How we process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations.
What is social perception?
How we form impressions and make inferences about others.
What is social interaction?
How we relate to and influence each other.
What are the goals of social psychologists?
To predict behaviour and understand causation.
What is the person perspective in studying social behaviour?
Traits and characteristics individuals bring into social contexts.
What is the situational perspective?
Environmental factors that influence behaviour.
What is the person × situation interaction?
The dynamic interplay between an individual and their environment.
What is attribution theory?
The theory that we explain behaviour by attributing it to internal (dispositional) or external (situational) factors.
What is the Covariation Model (Kelley, 1967)?
A model to determine cause of behaviour using consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness information.
What does high consistency suggest in the Covariation Model?
It is a more reliable indicator of behaviour.
What does high consensus suggest?
The cause of behaviour is likely external.
What does high distinctiveness suggest?
The cause of behaviour is likely external.
What does high consistency, low consensus, and low distinctiveness indicate?
Internal attribution.
What does high consistency, high consensus, and high distinctiveness indicate?
External attribution.
What is correspondence bias (Jones & Harris, 1967)?
The tendency to infer that behaviour reflects personality even when it is constrained by the situation.
What is the fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977)?
The tendency to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional ones in explaining others’ behaviour.
What is the actor-observer effect?
The tendency to attribute our own actions to situations but others’ actions to personality traits.
What is perceptual salience?
The tendency to notice people more than situations when making attributions.
What is cognitive load in attribution?
Defaulting to internal attributions because considering context takes effort.
How do cultures differ in attribution?
Western cultures favour dispositional attributions (blame the personality/traits); Eastern cultures favour situational attributions(blame the situation/scenario).
What is an attitude?
A stable organisation of beliefs, emotions, and behavioural tendencies toward an object, person, or event.
What are the components of the tripartite model of attitudes?
Affective (emotions), behavioural (actions), and cognitive (beliefs).
