Social 39-51

Question 1

Conscription 1939?1940?1942? Where were older men conscripted to?

Answer 1

20-22
18-41
18-51
Older men into national service or into Civil Defence or Home Guard

Question 2

Number in armed service 1944?

Number in home guard 1943?

Answer 2

4.5+ million + 1/2 mil in womens services

1.75 million

Question 3

What improved in many w/c families?

Answer 3

nutrition

Question 4

unemployment in 1939? fell by .. 1939-42? by 1943?

Answer 4

1 million 1939
halved 1939-1942
virtually gone by 1943

Question 5

Full employment available where? Trade unions change?

Answer 5

F.U in depressed areas of the 1930s!

TU membership increased from 6.3 million to 8.9 million

Question 6

How did earnings of w/c improve?

Answer 6

full employment, overtime, piece rate pay

Question 7

How much did average earnings for male weekly wages increase by 1938-45? Women?

Answer 7

80% rise

Women almost doubled

Question 8

What reduced income differences?

Answer 8

rationing, increased earnings both genders, controls on prices + m/c u/c hit with high tax

Question 9

Which women could be conscripted?

Answer 9

unmarried 19-30

Question 10

From 1940 where were women directed?

Answer 10

shipyards, agriculture, aircraft, munitions or just anywhere labour shortage

Question 11

By late 1943 what percent of factory workers were women?

Answer 11

over half

Question 12

Change for married women?

By end of 1943 what percent of married women worked?

Answer 12

before war expected to not work, demand of total war changed this

80%

Question 13

War gave women … but not? Fact?

Answer 13

more money, independence and status but not equal pay!

women earnt 60-70% of men’s wage

Question 14

For many these changes were… others?

Answer 14

lasting
but many returned back to normal after give up jobs to returning men

Question 15

Soon as war broke out what law? what did it do?

Answer 15

EPA 1939

100s regulations like black outs, telephones tapped, preventing defeatist thoughts, censorship’s

Question 16

Pre war import what? why this bad in ww2?

Answer 16

import a lot of food = U Boats threaten starvation

Question 17

Much stricter rationing in WW2 than WW1. What did department of food campaign about?

Answer 17

not wasting food, people were prosecuted and encouraged new recipes with rations like Woolton Pie

Question 18

Never ending propaganda included…

Answer 18

careless talk costs lives
ministry of agriculture said dig for victory
ministry for power and fuel nagged to not waste energy and fuel
squander bug tempted to spend money rather than buy war bonds

Question 19

BBC start war bad how? by 1945?

Answer 19

cancelled all entertainment programmes but by 1945, 10 million private radio sets, BBC news info serious comedy music and light entertainment. workers playtime. bbc had huge influence public morale

Question 20

despite black out and long hours what boomed and how?

Answer 20

cinema , 30 million a week

Question 21

how many attacks london suffer blitz?

Answer 21

300 and this was half of all rocket attacks

Question 22

What was baedekker raids? when from?

Answer 22

attacking historic towns, from 1942

Question 23

how people survive?

Answer 23

london underground, morrison and anderson shelter, under stairs or go to countryside like 40,000 did in Liverpool attacks in 1941

Question 24

propaganda showed Uk as united and free of class war. what was reality?

Answer 24

newsreels never show worst attacks, survivors about abuse at dignitaries, occasions of panic were not covered, many bombed homes looted

Question 25

what had all 3 parties set up ?

Answer 25

own committees to examine key issues of reconstruction

Question 26

When Beveridge report? how many sold? what caused poverty?

Answer 26

1942, 600,000 want, unemployment, lack of education, poor housing and sickness

Question 27

what did B report propose?

Answer 27

NHS Family allowances full employment ends of means testing universal minimum from cradle to grave NI universal and comprehensive

Question 29

before end of war steps taken to pursue BR?

Answer 29

family allowances act 1945 , white paper on employment policy in 1944

Question 30

butler education act 1944

Answer 30

free compulsory secondary education raised leave school from 14 to 15 tripartite system

Question 31

left of labour critics in coalition? Tories angry?

Answer 31

angry at education act not abolishing private schools tory said too radical and expensive

Question 32

Limitations of NHS?

Answer 32

no unified system of administration meant regional variation of health care spending 2x 1948-52 shortage of trained staff and buildings, 10000 dentists for 48m hospitals old, ill suited and outdated

Question 33

NHS success?

Answer 33

social groups previously unable to afford it could major improvement in public health by infant mortality fell a lot from 1948 rapidly gained public acceptance and medical profession support by 51 much admired in world showing free universal and comprehensive healthcare in a democratic + capitalist

Question 34

Limitations of welfare?

Answer 34

welfare benefits remain low and not increase with inflation post war economic struggles limited expansion of homes claims industrial remains hard to prove tripartite system left many feeling failure 11 and grammar class divide