Social 7 Year End Review Flashcards
what did the European explorers call the
Haudenosaunee,
Nehiyawak,
and Wandat?
iroquois,
cree,
huron
confederation compromises canada west, new brunswick, nova scotia
canada west: promised to protect french rights
new brunswick: the larger Canadian colonies would dominate the union.
nova scotia: wanted railroad and were scared of raised taxes
what were the 3 key factors that led these colonies to think about union
- Political deadlock in the Province of Canada
- Shifting trade relations
- Defending British North America
what were the three sisters
Corn, bean, and squash were the main crops they were always planted together to help each other grow
Key Haudenosaunee Values
Collective thinking and considering the future generations
Decision making by consensus
Considering all points of views
Equality - everyone’s equal in society, no matter what their age or gender
In 1534, what did the Haudenosaunee provide cartier which enabled his crew to survive?
a cure for scurvy
Schools in New France (french in north america)
Most children stayed with their families so they could help on the farm.
They had the opportunity to go to school when planting and harvesting were finished.
in 1864, there was a breakthrough in the political deadlock. George Brown convinced his party to join a what?
a coalition
how did the war of 1812 come to near the end
in a deadlock
who were members of the constitutional act
The Governor – appointed by Britain (leader)
Executive & Legislative Councils – appointed by the governor
Legislative Assembly- voted in by the general population.
Voters- the regular civilians
what did john cabot see in the waters of newfoundland
FISH
what is culture
A way of life or being that is shared by a group of people.
barter
to trade a good for another good
what were the three options the biriths had after the treaty of paris
Eviction - force people off their
Assimilation
Accommodation - let the Canadiens continue with their way of life.
The importance of clans:
Helped people cooperate
Allowed for the sharing of resources
Specific territories were assigned where each clan could hunt and fish.
Like many First Nations peoples they relied heavily on hunting, fishing and gathering.
what was the connection between new france and france
New France depended on France for its survival. France supplied supplies and military protection.
In return, New France supplied resources such as furs and fish.
The colony made France richer and more powerful which were the aims of imperialism.
what did the united empire loyalists do when the patriots didn’t trust them
Many Loyalists fled from the violence and became refugees. As many as 40,000 Loyalists fled from the Thirteen Colonies.
PONTIAC’S WAR
e led a group of First Nations tribes to attack the British in the Ohio Valley.
Pontiac his allies to captured numerous other forts along the shores of lake Erie.
pontiac wanted the french to help him, but could not
Eventually, the British retaliated and destroyed the First Nations alliance.
in 1821, what happened to the north-west company
the HBC over took them. the comapny is over, and red river belonged to the british.
what happened to the british colonies when the british started to stop taxing goods from other countries.
Colonies no longer had an assured market for their goods. Britain the colonies need money to pay for their defence
The French King, Louis XIII (13) main reasons for returning to North America.
In the early 1600’s, the demand for furs in Europe forced the French to return to North America. The French king, Louis XIII, decided that France should build a colony in North America.
Louis XIII wanted to be the most powerful ruler in Europe and needed to expand his empire to do so.
the battle of the plains of abraham
As dawn broke, the British army was in place and the French were astonished to see thousands of soldiers in battle position just outside the city gates.
Montcalm emerged from the city and the British launched a massive volley of musket fire.
The French fired back.
A fierce battle raged, killing both Montcalm and Wolfe.
After 15 minutes of slaughter, the French turned and fled.
In all, 1300 soldiers died on the Plains of Abraham.
The years between 1840 and 1870 were a _________ for the Maritime colonies.
“Golden Age”
Louis Joseph Papineau presented what
the Ninety Two Resolutions to the Assembly
how did the scripts giving to the metis work?
each script (more like a coupon) give them ownership to about 240 acres. However, the scrips did not work, and the Métis didn’t get thier land.
who also lived at red river manitoba
- Country Born Métis
- Cree and Anishinabe [a-nih-shih-NAHbee] First Nations.
- Roman Catholic missionaries
Canadiens - British employees of the Hudson’s Bay Company. (but nobody likes them.)
The Great Peace of Montréal
In the of 1701, 1300 delegates from 40 First Nations communities arrived in Montréal.
french and first nations will not fight anymore
in Anishinaabe government, what traits was a leader chosen for each clan
was chosen because he displayed courage, good character, or skill in hunting.
how did the first acadian survive
They survived through farming, fishing, and hunting.
Pemmican proclamation
In 1814, he banned the Métis from exporting any meat, fish, or vegetables from Red River.
The buffalo meat trade was a very important part of the Métis identity and economy. Yet, the newcomers had put a stop to this trade without discussing it with the Métis.
women Making Decisions (Haudenosaunee)
Women played an important role in government. The leaders of the clan were usually men, but they were chosen by Clan Mothers.
Women had the power to veto any law the men passed and could even remove a men from his position.
when upper Canada joined lower canada, what was the new colony called
the province of canada
who was Louis-Hippolyte and what did he di
stopped the idea of dividing canada again and worked wit Robert Baldwin. together, they supported french language rights and tried to make a system work for everyone
The Three Key Players of the fur trade
first nations: trapped animals and prepared furs.
merchants: managed the fur trade at outposts.
Coureurs de bois (Also known as voyageurs): They traded for furs with the First Nations.
where did the Anishinabe live
he wooded country of northern and central Ontario and in southern Manitoba.
Iroquois Confederacy ( Haudenosaunee)
An alliance ( a union in which groups agree to trade and help each other solve disputes) was formed between Haudenosaunee nations.
The Treaty of Ghent (1814)
required both parties (british and americans) to return to their territories and cease the conflict.
when did Jacques Cartier reach canada
1534
why did the british colonies rely on Britain
Britain didn’t tax its colonies.
This made goods from colonies inexpensive and popular in Britain.
The colonies could depend on the British to buy their goods.
what was the result of the first 3 months of capturing quebec
They were unsuccessful
what did Scottish nobleman named (Cool guy) Selkirk do?
bought a huge piece of land from the Hudson’s Bay Company.
He brought dozens of families to the land from Scotland.
He wanted to turn the land at Red River into a great farming colony.
The competition between French and English fur traders came to an abrupt halt in _____, when New France came under British control
1760
what was a clan mother
the head of each long house
James Cook
Goal of Journey: To look for a Pacific entrance to the Northwest Passage.
Outcome: Cook failed to discover the route he was seeking, so he left the coast and set sail across the Pacific for Asia. Upon his arrival in China, he discovered through trading with the Nuu-chah-nulth that sea otter skins were worth a lot of money.
The pelts were so valuable that traders called the sea otter “soft gold”
so the king of france is going to let someone else pay for exploring canada. how?
The King granted a trade monopoly to a group of merchants.
This meant that only the merchants within the group would be allowed to trade for furs in the colony.
In return, the merchants built the colonies and found French citizens to live in them.
What is imperialism?
When a country extends their control over other nations. For centuries, much of the world was ruled by imperial powers.
what happens when two people get married in the Haudenosaunee tribe
the husband went to live in his wife’s longhouse.
The women of the clan owned all of the possessions in the house.
Kisúlk, the Mi’kmaq’ creator, made all humans_____ to everything else in nature.
equal
The Thirteen colonies climate
Climate was mild and farming flourished year-round.
Made life more comfortable.
Marquis de Frontenac (french)
Became governor in 1672.
He wanted to expand the system of trading posts deep into the interior. If he didn’t, he knew the English would.
what was the problem in governing the province of canada
the english made up the majority, so the canadiens were always outvoted
what did the first french pioneers form
formed a unique community and culture. They were the first Acadians.
what were the goals of the nor’westers
they extended the fur trade farther
to make money rather than to build a colony
worked hard to improve ties made by the French with the First Nations peoples.
The Fate of Louis Riel
Louis Riel surrendered and stood trial for treason—the betrayal of one’s country.
A jury found him guilty and Riel was sentenced to hang.
Prime Minister Macdonald could have stepped in and saved Riel’s life.
Fighting between the Canadien Patriotes and the British broke out in __________ at Saint- Denis
November 1837
what is pemmican
mixed shredded meat with fat and berries. was very important food for people in the West.
No explorer or fur trader would venture onto the plains without a bag of it to eat.
what is a pluralistic society
This means that our history has helped us learn to value all cultures.
Pluralism means that we respects and value the individual and collective opinions and identities of all people.
In July 1534, Cartier met the ____________ near the St.Lawrence River.
Haudenosaunee
who is Henry Kelsey
to convince more trade partners for the HBC
Gain greater access to furs
Travel as far west as present-day Saskatchewan (guidance of the Cree)
Increase the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts.
acadian identity
- When Acadia fell under British control they renamed it Nova Scotia.
- The Acadians developed a unique identity
- The Acadian lifestyle involved farming, and living in small villages
French-speaking Catholics (Francophone).
what did the Coureurs de Bois create?
Some married First Nations women, and these couples became parents to the first Métis.
what group of first nations did cartier meet?
Mi’kmaq
in ______ (year) for 1.5 millions smackeroos, canada purchased Rupert land
1869
what happened when The Métis Provisional Government sent representatives to Ottawa with its Bill of Rights.
The prime minister recognized the provisional government as legal. He met with them and agreed to almost all the items on the list.
In July 1870 the government passed the Manitoba Act, which created the province of Manitoba.
who were the men who paddled canoes for the nor’westers called?
voyageurs
Pierre de Monts received a what?
a monopoly
Different goal of the 13 colonies
Invested a lot of money in its colonies overseas.
Wanted to establish large settlements to gain military and economic advantage over other imperial countries.
who was the french general in the capture of quebec
Marquis de Montcalm
New France trade
New France was allowed to trade only with France.
what where some things in the manitoba act
ey important terms of the Act:
Manitoba would have its own provincial government.
Both French and English would be used in the government and courts.
The province would be able to send four elected members to the House of Commons in Ottawa and two members to the Senate.
There would be two publicly funded school systems, one for Protestants and one for Catholics
An area of land (560 000 hectares) would be set aside for the Métis to use.
Sir Frederick Haldimand allowed Loyalists to settle on the land along the Upper St. Lawrence River. why was this a problem
this land belonged to the Anishinabe Nation.
in 1542, what did cartier plan to do?
to set up a permanent colony along the st. lawrence river. but he, uh-well, he failed. (FAILURE! YOUR COUSIN TIMMY IN CHINA COULD DO THAT WHILE FIGHTING AN ARMY, BAREFOOT, 100 DEGREE WEATHER, IN DA SNOW!)
New France religion
Only French Catholics were encouraged to come to New France.
The Great Law of Peace (Haudenosaunee)
A set of laws that explained how the government would work and how people should behave in society.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (french)
the french king put him in charge of planning in 1663.
Colbert wanted the colony (new france) to be part of the mercantile system.
